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Judicial Branch 1

TermDefinition
Constitutional Courts Federal courts created by Congress under Article III of the Constitution, including the district courts, courts of appeals.
Special Courts (Federal) Courts that have narrowly defined roles such as: Federal Claims, Tax , the U.S. Bankruptcy Courts, Court of Appeals for Veterans Affairs
concurrent jurisdiction authority for both state and federal courts to hear and decide cases
original jurisdiction The jurisdiction of courts that hear a case first, usually in a trial. These are the courts that determine the facts about a case.
appellate jurisdiction The authority of a court to review decisions made by lower courts
Oral Arguments The verbal arguments presented in person by attorneys to an appellate court. Each attorney presents reasons to the court why the court should rule in her or his client's favor.
written briefs or briefs an appellate brief is a written document, prepared by an attorney, to be the basis for an appeal of a case to an appellate court. It contains the points of law the attorney wants to establish, with the arguments and authorities to support that view.
amicus curiae A Latin term meaning "friend of the court." Refers to interested groups or individuals, not directly involved in a suit, who may file legal briefs or oral arguments in support of one side.
District Courts (Federal) -trial courts of the federal judicial system
Federal criminal cases include bank robbery, kidnapping, counterfeiting, mail fraud, tax evasion and terrorism.
federal civil cases include disputes involving bankruptcy, postal, tax, and civil rights laws.
Plaintiff a person who brings a case against another in a court of law.
Defendant an individual, company, or institution sued or accused in a court of law.
judicial restraint Philosophy proposing that judges should interpret the Constitution to reflect what the framers intended and what its words literally say.
judicial activism An interpretation of the U.S. constitution holding that the spirit of the times and the needs of the nation can legitimately influence judicial decisions (particularly decisions of the Supreme Court)
magistrate a civil officer charged with the administration of the law
US Attorney General the chief law enforcement officer in the US and the head of the Department of Justice
US Marshals this court official makes arrests, collect fines, and take convicted persons to prison
Judiciary Act of 1789 In 1789 Congress passed this Act which created the federal-court system. The act managed to quiet popular apprehensions by establishing in each state a federal district court that operated according to local procedures.
Marbury v. Madison (1803) This case establishes the Supreme Court's power of Judicial Review
Created by: Mrs. Kaminski
Popular American Government sets

 

 



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