Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
World Civ Test 5
Ferment in the Middle East: The Rise of Islam
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Semitic-speaking people of southwestern Asia | The Arabs |
| Herodotus used the term Arab for the entire peninsula, calling it... | Arabia |
| nomadic peoples organized on a tribal basis and led by a sheikh | Bedouin Arabs |
| Arabs of pre-Islamic times were _____________. The supreme god known as __________. | polytheistic; Allah |
| n the fifth and sixth centuries C.E., the economic importance of the peninsula increased. A new trade route passed from the Mediterranean through ________to __________, and then by ship across the Indian Ocean. | Mecca; yemen |
| Muslim holy book | The Qur'an |
| why is the Qur'an not verifiable evidence? | it does not contain the same marks that modern Arabic uses to clarify meaning, which leaves much of the sacred text ambiguous and open to interpretation. |
| where was Muhammad born? | Mecca |
| at what age was Muhammad orphaned? | six |
| What did Muhammad grow up to be? | Caravan Manager |
| Muhammad's wife | Khadija (she was a rich widow) |
| what did Muhammad grow troubled of after living in Mecca for several years? | the growing gap between the Bedouin values of honesty and generosity and the acquisitive behavior of the commercial elite. |
| What did Muhammad do in the hills | meditate |
| who was Muhammad visited by during his mediation? | An angel by the name of Gabriel |
| What did Gabriel tell Muhammad to do? | he commanded him to preach the revelations he received. |
| Muhammad was acquainted with Jewish and Christian beliefs and came to believe that while Allah had already revealed himself in part through which two people? | Moses and Jesus |
| what came from the revelations that Muhammad was sent to share? | the Qur'an (holy scripture of islam) |
| what did the Qur'an contain? | guidelines by which followers of Allah were to live by |
| what were the followers of Allah called? | Muslims |
| where did Muhammad and his closest followers move to after alleged persecution and brutality? what will this flight be called? | Medina; Hegira or Hijrah |
| what is the name of the first muslim community? | umma |
| is islam polytheistic or monotheistic? | Monotheistic |
| who is the all-powerful being who created the universe and everything in it? | Allah |
| Islam is concerned with _____ and offers the hope of an _________. | salvation; afterlife |
| how does christianity differ from islam? | In islam there is no claim to the divinity of its founder |
| How does Muhammad relate to Abraham and Moses? | they were seen as prophets |
| Basic ethical code of islam is known as.... | the five Pillars of Islam |
| what do the five pillars of islam include? | belief in Allah and Muhammad as his Prophet; standard prayer five times a day worship Allah; observance of the holy month of Ramadan; making a pilgrimage, called the hajj, to Mecca at least once in one’s lifetime; and the giving of alms to the poor. |
| what things are muslims not allowed to do? | forbidden to gamble, eat pork, drink alcohol, or engage in dishonest behavior. |
| Why did the death of Muhammad present a problem to his followers? | Muslims saw no separation between political and religious authority, and so submission to the will of Allah meant submission to his prophet, Muhammad. |
| who was Muhammads successor? known as the "first caliph," or leader | Abu Bakr |
| what happened under Abu Bakr's leadership? | the movement succeeded in suppressing factional tendencies, and began to use the Arabic tribal custom of a razzia, or raid, to expand the authority of the movement. |
| what happened once the Arabs were unified under Bakr's leadership? | they began conquering neighboring peoples |
| what were suspected reasons for rapid expansion? | a prolonged drought, or possibly planned by the ruling class, who wished to extend their trade. Historians have also suggested that the Byzantine Empire had been weakened by a plague epidemic. |
| what did one believe about being killed in action after the alliance with the Bedouin people? | It was believed that they were guaranteed a place in paradise |
| what happened if a conquered group of people declare that they do not want to convert to the islamic faith? | they simply submit to Muslim rule and pay an extra tax. |
| who did Muhammads followers back as a successor instead of Bakr? | they backed Muhammad’s cousin and son-in-law, Ali. |
| who succeed bakr after his death? | Umar |
| who succeed Umar? | Uthman |
| how did Uthman die? who succeed him? | he was assassinated; Ali |
| what problem arose in 661 CE? who was assassinated? | A Factional struggle ; Ali |
| who replaced Ali? | One of his chief rivals, Mu’awiya |
| what did Mu'awiya create within his own family? | the caliphate hereditary |
| what were these people known as in the caliphate hereditary | Umayyads |
| The Arabs continued to have factional disputes with many Muslims of non-Arab background who resented the favoritism shown to __________. In some cases, this resentment led to __________. | Arabs; revolt |
| who was Ali's second son? what did he do? | Hussein;disputed the legitimacy of the Umayyads and incited his supporters, called Shi’ites, to rise up. |
| Hussein's supporters were the ______________ | Shi'ites |
| who led a revolt to over throw the Umayyads and the establishment of the Abbasid Dynasty in what is now modern-day Iraq. | Abu al-Abbas |
| what kind of change did the abbasids bring? | political, economic, and culture |
| what was the enormous center of the commercial market? | Baghdad |
| abbasids ruled by.... | autocratic means that were almost indistinguishable from the kings and emperors in neighboring states. |
| what may have weakens the caliphate? | he lack of spiritual authority and disputes over succession were common. |
| what held the islamic world together at the end of the 10th century? | common commitment to the Qur’an and the use of Arabic as the main means of communication. |
| Seljuk Turks | nomadic people from Central Asia who had converted to Islam and flourished as military mercenaries for the Abbasid caliphate. They were known for their skill as mounted archers. |
| why where the turks viewed as barbarians | for destroying civilizations and oppressing populations |
| why was the arrival of the turks beneficial? | brought an end to the squabbles between Sunni and Shi’ite Muslims, revitalized Islamic law and institutions, and provided stability to the empire, which helped restore its prosperity. |
| Alexius I | Byzantine emperor who called for assistance protecting his empire against the Seljuk Turks. appealed to Christians by claiming that the Turks were desecrating Christian shrines in Holy Land and molesting Christian pilgrims en route to the shrines. |
| how many crusades were conducted? | four |
| what and when was the first crusade? | the first, in 1099, capturing Jerusalem. |
| what happened in later crusades? | would not be as successful, relegating Christians to a minor force in Middle Eastern affairs. It is likely that the Crusades did little in the Middle East except unite the forces of Islam against foreign invaders. |
| The mongols | not Muslims and found it difficult to adapt to the settled conditions that they found in the major cities in the Middle East. |
| mongols treatments towards local population | . Their treatment of the local population in conquered territories was brutal. They wiped out not only entire families, but also their household pets. |
| mongols conquest | The Mongols advanced as far as the Red Sea, failing to conquer Egypt. Eventually, the Mongol rulers in the Middle East began to assimilate, and their elites eventually converted to Islam. |
| Abd al-Rathman | escaped the overthrow of Baghdad and made his way to Spain. By 756, he had legitimized his authority in southern Spain and taken the title emir, or commander. His capital was Cordoba, where he would build a vibrant new center for Islamic culture |
| What knowledge did intellectual leaders bring with them to Cordoba | knowledge of medicine, astronomy, math, and philosophy. |
| what began to undermine the foundations of the emirate | factionalism |
| how did the muslims fight back against factionalism? | asked for help from the Almoravids—fellow Muslims in Morocco. When they won, though, the Almoravids stayed in the area to establish their own rule. |
| what was the rule of the Almoravids like? | This rule was intolerant of heterodox ideas, and thus the Almoravides brought an end to the era of religious tolerance and intellectual achievement. |
| the moorish era in Spain is one followed by what? | followed by the bloody era of the Spanish Inquisition, when the Catholic Church persecuted others for their refusal to follow the so-called true faith. |
| allahs decreed , so humans must behave leading to the idea... | There is no demarcation between church and state. |
| Allah was not precise abut relationship between religious and political authority making it to where during Muhammads life it could __ ________ and after his death ______________ ____________ became common | Be avoided; Succession issues |
| things that contribute to egalitarianism | Both the principles of Islam, which held that all were equal in the eyes of Allah, and the importance of trade to the prosperity of the state certainly contributed |
| ________ was widespread and islamic principle of human equally fell short in _____________ ___ ___________. | Slavery: treatment of women |
| Muslim society was dominated by which sex? | male |
| who is responsible for the preserving and spreading of the scientific and philosophical achievements of ancient civilizations | The Islamic world |
| why were islamic scholars praised? | for preserving much of classical knowledge for the West, they also made considerable advances of their own. |
| who's numerical system did the islamic scholars adopt? what did it include? | India ;the use of zero, and a ninth-century Persian mathematician founded the mathematical discipline of algebra. |
| where was the observatory set up to study the position of the star and help make discoveries in optics and chemistry? | Baghdad |
| muslims help develop medicine into what? | a distinct field of scientific study |
Created by:
steviecooksey
Popular History sets