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French Foundation 7

from Michel Thomas

QuestionAnswer
I’m sorry but I don’t have the time to do it now because I’m very busy. Je regrette mais je n’ai pas le temps de le faire maintenant parce que je suis très occupé.
You use XXX after adjectives, nouns and also after some verbs such as ‘dire’, ‘demander’ and ‘décider’ if they are followed by another verb. 'de
to decide décider
Will you ask him to do it? Voulez-vous lui demander de le faire?
Will you tell him to wait for me? Voulez-vous lui dire de m’attendre?
Will you ask him to call me later? Voulez-vous lui demander de m’appeler plus tard?
In English you need to make a distinction between ‘have to’ (must) and ‘have to drink, eat, etc.’. For the latter, you use ‘avoir + à’.
What do you have? Qu’est-ce que vous avez?
Do you have…? Est-ce que vous avez…?
Do you understand? Comprenez-vous?
Is it that you understand? Est-ce que vous comprenez?
Is it that you understand me? Est-ce que vous me comprenez?
What is it that…? Qu’est-ce que…?
What do you have to eat? (What have you got to eat?) Qu’est-ce que vous avez à manger?
You have to eat. Vous devez manger.
to drink boire
What do you have to drink? Qu’est-ce que vous avez à boire?
What is there? Qu’est-ce qu’il y a?
What is there to drink? Qu’est-ce qu’il y a à boire?
What is there to eat? Qu’est-ce qu’il y a à manger?
You use XXX after ‘chose’ if it is followed by a verb because it is normally an extension of ‘have’. ‘à’
I have something to tell you. J’ai quelque chose à vous dire.
After expressions of quantity you use ... ‘de’
How much time? Combien de temps?
too much time trop de temps
much time beaucoup de temps
I don’t have much time. Je n’ai pas beaucoup de temps.
many things beaucoup de choses
I’m going to buy many things. Je vais acheter beaucoup de choses.
I don’t have too much time. Je n’ai pas trop de temps.
I’m not going to buy too many things. Je ne vais pas acheter trop de choses.
If an expression of quantity is followed by a verb, you use ... ‘à’
I have much to do. J’ai beaucoup à faire.
I have much too much to do. J’ai beaucoup trop à faire.
I have nothing to do. Je n’ai rien à faire.
nothing doing rien à faire
What difference? Quelle différence?
What is the difference? Quelle est la différence?
between entre
between us entre nous
between the two / between both entre les deux
What is the difference between the two? Quelle est la différence entre les deux?
What speciality do you have tonight? Quelle spécialité avez-vous ce soir?
What address? Quelle addresse?
What is your address? Quelle est votre addresse?
telephone number numéro de téléphone
What is your telephone number? Quel est votre numéro de téléphone?
If you combine nouns in French (telephone + number = telephone number), you need to join them together with ... ‘de’
What is your name? Quel est votre nom?
What do you want? Que voulez-vous?
What do you want to eat? Que voulez-vous manger?
What do you want to do now? Que voulez-vous faire maintenant?
What do you want to know? Que voulez-vous savoir?
What do you prefer? Que préférez-vous?
to think penser
What do you think? Que pensez-vous?
What do you have? Qu’avez vous?
Instead of ‘que?’ you can also use ‘qu’est-ce que?’ for ‘what?’. They are interchangeable. If you use ‘qu’est-ce que?’, you do not invert.
What is it that you want? Qu’est-ce que vous voulez?
What do you know? Qu’est-ce que vous savez?
What do you have for me? Qu’est-ce que vous avez pour moi?
What do you want to say? / What do you mean? Qu’est-ce que vous voulez dire? / Que voulez-vous dire?
what (in the middle of a sentence) ce que
I don’t know what I’m going to do today. Je ne sais pas ce que je vais faire aujourd’hui.
Nobody knows what it is. Personne sait ce que c’est.
Who knows? Qui sait?
I don’t understand what you mean. Je ne comprends pas ce que vous voulez dire.
There are only two verbs for which the ending for the first person is ‘x’ not ‘s’: ‘pouvoir’ and ‘vouloir’.
I want je veux
I want it. Je le veux.
I don’t want it. Je ne le veux pas.
That’s not what I want. Ce n’est pas ce que je veux.
That’s exactly what I want. C’est exactement ce que je veux.
But that’s not what I mean. Mais ce n’est pas ce que je veux dire.
Sound distinction between ‘veux’ and ‘vais’
I want to do it. Je veux le faire.
I’m going to do it. Je vais le faire.
I’m going to do it because I want to see it. Je vais le faire parce que je veux le voir.
That’s not what I mean. Ce n’est pas ce que je veux dire.
I don’t understand what it means. Je ne comprends pas ce que ça veut dire.
it means ça veut dire
What does it mean? Qu’est-ce que ça veut dire?
to explain expliquer
Will you explain to me what you mean? Voulez-vous m’expliquer ce que vous voulez dire?
I will do it tomorrow. Je vais le faire demain.
He will be here in a few days. Il va être ici dans quelques jours.
I will arrive tomorrow morning. Je vais arriver demain matin.
We will arrive tomorrow morning. Nous allons arriver demain matin.
He will leave. Il partira.
The ending -rai with any verb means ‘I will’. The ending -ra means ‘he/she/it will’. The ending -rez means ‘you will’. The ending -rons means ‘we will’.
I will say. / I will tell. I will wait. Je dirai.
You will wait. J’attendrai.
We will wait. Vous attendrez.
He will wait. Nous attendrons.
I will understand. Il attendra.
I will not understand it. Je comprendrai.
I won’t understand you. Je ne le comprendrai pas.
He won’t understand me. Je ne vous comprendrai pas.
He will tell you. Il ne me comprendra pas.
He won’t tell me. Il vous dira.
I will ask you later. Il ne me dira pas.
It will start soon. / It is going to start soon. Ça va commencer bientôt.
It starts tomorrow. Ça commence demain.
next week la semaine prochaine
I’m going to see you next week. Je vais vous voir la semaine prochaine. / Je vous vois la semaine prochaine.
to lift / to lift up lever
I’m lifting it. Je le lève.
He’s lifting it. Il le lève.
She’s lifting it. Elle le lève.
one is starting on commence
One is starting now. On commence maintenant.
In spoken language ‘on’ is often used for ... ‘we’
One is very comfortable here. On est très confortable ici.
one is going / we are going on va
One is going to leave. On va partir.
One is going to stay here. / We are going to stay here. On va rester ici.
Shall we…? On va…?
Shall we start? On va commencer?
Shall we leave? On va partir?
Shall we stay? On va rester?
What shall we…? Qu’est-ce qu’on va…?
What shall we do? Qu’est-ce qu’on va faire?
What shall we eat? Qu’est-ce qu’on va manger?
What shall we order? Qu’est-ce qu’on va commander?
What shall we drink? Qu’est-ce qu’on va boire?
What shall we take? Qu’est-ce qu’on va prendre?
When referring to food or drink you do not use the verb ‘avoir’ (to have), you use ... ‘prendre’ (to take)
I’m going to have a Je vais prendre une
cup of coffee. tasse de café.
to have lunch déjeuner
the lunch le déjeuner
Will you have lunch with me? Voulez-vous déjeuner avec moi?
breakfast le petit déjeuner
Will you have breakfast with me tomorrow morning? Voulez-vous prendre le petit déjeuner avec moi demain matin?
I will do it. Je le ferai. / Je vais le faire.
In English ‘will’ expresses the future tense with one exception: ... ‘will you (please…)?’, which is a polite request and not the future tense.
Will you come with me? Voulez-vous venir avec moi?
Do you want to come with me? Est-ce que vous voulez venir avec moi? / Voulez-vous venir avec moi?
Will you wait for me? Voulez-vous m’attendre?
Do you want to wait for me? Voulez-vous m’attendre? / Est-ce que vous voulez m’attendre?
Created by: wfolly
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