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histo - digestive
esophagus, stomach, small intestine, appendix, and rectum
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| how many layers are in the walls of digestive organs and what are their names? | 4 - mucosa, sub-mucosa, muscularis externum, and adventitia. |
| how many divisions of the mucosa are there and what are their names? | 3 - epithelium, lamina propria, muscularis mucosa. |
| what is the mucosa layer of digestive organs? | mucus membrane lining layer. |
| what is the mucus membrane lining layer of digestive organs known as? | musoca. |
| what is the epithelium layer of mucosa of digestive organs? | the basement membrane of either stratified squamous epithelium or simple columnar. |
| a basement membrane of either stratified squamous epithelium or simple columnar epithelium in digestive organs is known as? | epithelial layer of mucosa. |
| what is the lamina propria of mucosa of digestive organs? | connective tissue with blood vessels, nerves, glands, and lymph vessels. |
| what is made up of connective tissue, blood vessels, nerves, glands, and lymph vessels? | the lamina propria of mucosa. |
| what is the muscularis mucosa of digestive organs? | smooth muscle layer within the mucosa. |
| what is the name for the smooth muscle layer within the mucosa of digestive organs? | muscularis mucosa. |
| what is the submucosa of digestive organs? | layer of the organ wall containing loose connective tissue, lymph tissue with vessels, increased blood vessels, and Meisner's Plexuses. |
| what contains Meisner's Plexuses? | submucosa layer of digestive organs |
| what is the muscularis externum of digestive organs? | layer of the organ wall containing muscle and Auerbach's/myenteric plexuses |
| where are Auerbach/myenteric plexuses found? | in between muscle layers of muscularis externum in digestive organs |
| what is found in between muscle layers of muscularis externum in digestive organs? | Auerbach/myenteric plexuses |
| what is the adventitia of digestive organs? | loose connective tissue with a mesothelium surface called serosa |
| what contains a mesothelium surface called serosa? | adventitia layer od digestive organs |
| what is the mesothelium surface in the adventitia of digestive organs called? | serosa |
| what is serosa? | mesothelium surface in the adventitia of digestive organs |
| what are the organs of the digestive system? | esophagus, stomach, small intestines, large intestines, appendix, and rectum |
| what is the esophagus? | conduit from the pharynx to the stomach |
| what connects the pharynx to the stomach? | esophagus |
| what is the epithelial mucosa of the esophagus? | stratified squamous |
| lamina propria of the esophageal mucosa contains what? | cardiac esophageal glands (mucus type) |
| cardiac esophageal glands can be found? | in the lamina propria of esophageal mucosa |
| muscularis mucosa of the esophagus is? | thick |
| thick muscularis mucosa can be found in? | the esophagus |
| submucosa in the esophagus has? | esophageal glands and mucus |
| what contains esophageal glands and mucus? | submucosa of the esophagus |
| muscularis externum in the esophagus has which types of muscle? | smooth and skeletal |
| smooth muscle in the esophagus is found? | in the middle 1/3 and lower 1/3 of the muscularis externum |
| skeletal muscle in the esophagus is found? | in the middle 1/3 and upper 1/3 of the muscularis externum |
| the only place to find skeletal muscle only in the esophagus is? | the upper 1/3 of the muscularis externum of the esophagus |
| the only place to find smooth muscle only in the esophagus is? | the lower 1/3 of the muscularis externum of the esophagus |
| the only place to find both smooth muscle and skeletal muscle in the esophagus is? | the middle 1/3 of the muscularis externum of the esophagus |
| the upper 1/3 of the muscularis externum of the esophagus contains? | skeletal muscle |
| the lower 1/3 of the muscularis externum of the esophagus contains? | smooth muscle |
| the middle 1/3 of the muscularis externum of the esophagus contains? | both skeletal and smooth muscle |
| what is the epithelium mucosa of the stomach? | simple columnar |
| how often is the epithelium of the stomach renewed? | every 3 days |
| the epithelial mucosa of the stomach secretes? | highly viscous mucus |
| highly viscous mucus is secreted by? | the simple columnar epithelial mucosa of the stomach |
| the mucosa of the stomach is? | folded into rugae |
| the folds of the mucosa in the stomach are called? | rugae |
| what are rugae? | folds in the mucosa of the stomach |
| the mucosa of the stomach contains what? | gastric glands, tubules, and gastric pits |
| the gastric glands are found? | in the mucosa of the stomach |
| gastric secretions travel through what structures in the mucosa? | simple or branched tubules |
| simple or branched tubules in the stomach mucosa carry what? | gastric secretions of the gastric glands |
| gastric tubules of the stomach empty gastric secretions into what? | gastric pits of the mucosa |
| what are gastric pits? | emptying site for gastric secretions in the stomach mucosa |
| how many layers are in the muscularis externum of the stomach and what are their names? | 3 - inner oblique, middle circular, outer longitudinal |
| inner oblique, middle circular, and outer longitudinal muscle layers make up what? | the muscularis externum of the stomach |
| where does the middle circular layer of the muscularis externum thicken in the stomach? | at the pyloric end |
| what occurs at the pyloric end of the muscularis externum in the stomach? | the middle circular layer thickens to become the pyloric sphincter |
| what is the pyloric sphincter? | the thickening of the middle circular layer at the pyloric end of the muscularis externum in the stomach |
| what does the stomach churn? | the swallowed bolus |
| what mixes with the bolus in the stomach? | stomach acid and proteolytic secretions |
| stomach acid and protelytic secretions mix with the bolus in the stomach to form? | chyme |
| what is chyme? | mixture of the bolus, stomach acid, and proteolytic secretions |
| what happens to the chyme in the stomach? | secreted in intervals into the small intestine |
| what gets secreted in intervals into the small intestine from the stomach? | chyme |
| how does the stomach recieve signals for secretion? | cephalic, gastric, and intestinally. |
| cephalic, gastric, and intestinal signals tell the stomach to? | secrete |
| how many regions are their to the stomach? | 3 |
| what are the names of the 3 regions of the stomach? | cardiac, fundic, and pyloric |
| how are the 3 regions of the stomach defined? | by the types of glands present |
| the types of glands present in the stomach determine? | which region of the stomach it is (cardiac, fundic, or pyloric) |
| where is the cardiac region of the stomach? | closest to the esophagus |
| what region of the stomach is closest to the esophagus? | the cardiac region |
| the cardiac region of the stomach is composed of which type of glands? | simple columnar glands similar to cardiac esophagus glands |
| which region of the stomach has glands similar to the cardiac esophagus glands that are simple columnar? | cardiac region of the stomach |
| what do the cardiac region glands of the stomach produce? | watery mucus |
| where is watery mucus made in the stomach? | in the glands of the cardiac region |
| where is the majority of the gastric juice secreted? | in the fundic region of the stomach |
| the fundic region of the stomach is responsible for? | most of the gastric juice secretions |
| glands of the fundic region in the stomach are? | longer and extend into the muscularis mucosa of the stomach |
| which region do the glands extend into the muscularis mucosa of the stomach? | fundic region |
| how many types of cells can be found in the fundic region of the stomach? | 4 |
| what are the 4 types of cells in the fundic region of the stomach? | parietal, cheif, mucus neck, and argentaffin |
| parietal, cheif, mucus neck, and argentaffin cells can be found where? | in the fundic region of the stomach |
| which cells of the fundic region are acidophilic? | parietal cells |
| which cells of the fundic region have the most mitochondria? | parietal cells |
| which cells of the fundic region have intracellular canaliculi with microvilli at the apical surface? | parietal cells |
| where can the intracellular canaliculi with microvilli be found? | at the apical surface of parietal cells in the fundic region in the stomach |
| what cells of the fundic region have a chloride pump? | parietal cells |
| what cells of the fundic region produce HCl? | parietal cells |
| what do parietal cells produce? | HCl |
| what cells of the fundic region of the stomach are basophilic? | chief cells |
| what cells of the fundic region of the stomach are located in the lower half of the gastric glands? | chief cells |
| chief cells of the fundic region are located? | in the lower half of the gastric glands |
| which cells of the fundic region contain zymogen granules of pepsinogen? | chief cells |
| chief cells contain granules of what? | zymogen granules of pepsinogen |
| which cells are located in the glandular neck of the fundic region of the stomach? | mucus neck cells |
| mucus neck cells are located? | at the glandular neck of the fundic region in the stomach |
| pale cells with a central nucleus found in the fundic region of the stomach are called? | mucus neck cells |
| which cells in the fundic region of the stomach secrete hormones and neurotransmitters? | agrentaffin cells |
| what are argentaffin cells? | cells of the fundic region of the stomach that secrete hormones and neurotransmitters |
| what hormones do argentaffin cells release? | gastrin |
| what neurotransmitter does argentaffin cells release? | serotonin |
| what are enteroendocrine cells? | argentaffin cells |
| what is another name for argentaffin cells? | enteroendocrine cells |
| serotonin is released by what in the fundic region of the stomach? | argentaffin cells |
| gastrin is released by what in the fundic region of the stomach? | argentaffin cells |
| gastrin is a? | hormone released by argentaffin cells in the stomach |
| serotonin is a? | neurotransmitter released by argentaffin cells in the stomach |
| what characterizes the pyloric region of the stomach? | long pits |
| long pits are characteristic of which region of the stomach? | pyloric region |
| which cells of the small intestine have villi for absorption | mucosal cells |
| which organ has mucosal cells with villi for absorption? | small intestine |
| what is the purpose of villi on mucosal cells in the small intestine? | absorption |
| what epithelial covers the villi of the small intestines? | simple columnar |
| how many cell types are there in the small intestine's mucosa? | 2 |
| what are the 2 cells types found in the small intestine mucosa? | columnar-absorbing cells and goblet cells |
| where can columnar-absorbing cells and goblet cells be found together? | mucosa of the small intestines |
| what do goblet cells do? | secrete mucus |
| which cells secrete mucus? | goblet cells |
| what cells have a striated border of microvilli? | columnar-absorbing cells of the small intestines |
| what do columnar-absorbing cells absorb? | lipids |
| how do columnar-absorbing cells absorb lipids? | by pinocytosis |
| what do terminal bars in the small intestine prevent? | material from leaving the lumen and into the intracellular space |
| where do columnar-absorbing cells release the lipids taken in by pinocytosis in the small intestine? | at the basement membrane and into the lymph |
Created by:
jpzappy
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