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History test #2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Minoans | sea-based nation and Crete being their capital; they dominated trade in the eastern Mediterranean |
| Aristotle | This Greek philosopher believed that we could only find the truth by using our senses to explore the world around us. |
| Polis | This is the Greek word for city-state |
| Socrates | This Greek philosopher was sentenced to death by the Athenian government for corrupting the youth, among other charges |
| Solon | Early Greek leader who brought democratic reforms; abolished debt slavery |
| Trojan War | Mythical conflict that started when Paris kidnapped Helen from her husband Menelaus/Greeks and Trojans fought |
| Homer | Greek epic poet who is said to have written the Iliad and the Odyssey |
| Cleisthenes | This Athenian political reformer established the Council of 500, among other acts |
| Alexander the Great | This Macedonian emperor conquered the Persian Empire, and was tutored by Aristotle. |
| Plato | This Greek philosopher believed we cannot trust our senses, and can only use reason to determine the truth. He expressed these ideas in the Allegory of the Cave |
| Confucius | Chinese philosopher from the Warring States Period who believed social order could be achieved by carefully following the Five Key Relationships, and observing filial piety (respect for elders) |
| Shi Huangdi | Founder of the Qin dynasty who unified China after the Warring States period; Laid down the foundation of the Great Wall of China |
| Liu Bang | Peasant general who rose up against the tyranny of the Qin and established the Han Dynasty |
| Warring states period | The era in Chinese history when the country was divided |
| Plebeian | a commoner in ancient Rome |
| Patrician | The elite class/citizen of Ancient Rome |
| Jesus of Nazareth | A Jew named Jesus; he was born in the town of Bethlehem in Judea; a public ministry that preached, taught, and reportedly performed miracles. |
| Senator | Member of the Roman council of elders who served for life. Originally drawn exclusively from the patrician class |
| tribune | Office established after the plebeians demanded reforms of the Roman Republic, these officials are charged with protecting the plebeians. They have the power of veto |
| Cleopatra | Egyptian queen famous (or notorious) for her relationships with Julius Caesar and Mark Antony. She was an able ruler who brought peace and prosperity to her realm |
| Julius Caesar | Roman general who conquered Gaul, made himself dictator for life, and was assassinated by his fellow Senators in 44 BCE |
| Augustus | Title taken by Octavian after he defeated Mark Antony and declared himself Rome’s first emperor |
| Pax Romana | This Latin phrase means “Roman peace” |
| Council of Nicaea | the first council in the history of the Christian church that was intended to address the entire body of believers |
| Consul | One of two senior magistrates in the Roman Republic, they commanded the army; Equivalent to the modern-day US President |
| Arete | ancient greek term meaning excellence |
Created by:
lwstudystack
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