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ww1 & 1920
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Realism | US Foreign Policy should be based on self interest, pursue practical objectives, and benefit the american people. |
| Idealism | US Foreign Policy should be based on values and ideals to promote American founding Ideals, and ensure a better world for all people. |
| "Seward's Folly" Alaska | U.S. Secretary of State William H. Seward signs a treaty with Russia for the purchase of Alaska for $7 million. Despite the bargain price of roughly two cents. |
| Queen Liliuokalani/ Hawaii | Queen Liliuokalani (1838-1917) was the last sovereign of the Kalākaua dynasty, which had ruled a unified Hawaiian kingdom since 1810. |
| Spanish-American War | 1898 conflict between the United States and Spain that ended Spanish colonial rule in the Americas and resulted in U.S. acquisition of territories in the western Pacific and Latin America |
| Yellow journalism | The use of lurid features and sensationalized news in newspaper publishing to attract readers and increase circulation. The phrase was coined in the 1890s to describe the tactics employed in the furious competition between two New York City newspapers. |
| U.S.S. Maine | Contributing to the outbreak of the Spanish–American War in April. U.S. newspapers, engaging in yellow journalism to boost circulation, claimed that the Spanish were responsible for the ship's destruction. |
| Teller Amendment | Stated that the United States would not establish permanent control over Cuba |
| Emilio Aguinaldo | led a revolutionary movement against the Spanish colonial government in the Philippines |
| American Anti-Imperialist League | The anti-imperialists opposed forced expansion, believing that imperialism violated the fundamental principle that just republican government must derive from "consent of the governed." |
| Open Door Policy | Called for a system of equal trade and investment and to guarantee the territorial integrity of Qing China. |
| “Big-Stick” Diplomacy | The policy of carefully mediated negotiation ("speaking softly") supported by the unspoken threat of a powerful military |
| Panama Canal | President Theodore Roosevelt oversaw it. Throughout the 1800s, American and British leaders and businessmen wanted to ship goods quickly and cheaply between the Atlantic and Pacific coasts. |
| Roosevelt Corollary | Stated that not only were the nations of the Western Hemisphere not open to colonization by European powers, but that the United States had the responsibility to preserve order and protect life and property in those countries. |
| Dollar diplomacy | Was a form of American foreign policy to minimize the use or threat of military force and instead further its aims in Latin America and East Asia through the use of its economic power by guaranteeing loans made to foreign countries. |
| Moral imperialism | Attempts to impose moral standards from one particular culture, geopolitical region or culture onto other cultures, regions or countries. |
| Pancho Villa / involvement in Mexico | Pancho Villa was a Mexican revolutionary and guerrilla leader who fought against the regimes of both Porfirio Díaz and Victoriano Huerta. |
| MAIN Causes of World War I | M- Militarism A- Alliances I- Imperialism N- Nationalism |
| Central Powers | Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire, Bulgaria |
| Allied Powers | Russia, France, Great Britain, Italy, Japan, US |
| Unrestricted submarine warfare | a type of naval warfare in which submarines sink merchant ships such as freighters and tankers without warning, |
| Trench warfare | warfare in which opposing armed forces attack, counterattack, |
| Lusitania | British ocean liner, the sinking of which by a German U-boat on May 7, 1915, contributed indirectly to the entry of the United States into World War I. |
| Sussex pledge | a statement by the Germans that they would not sink passenger ships without warning during World War I. |
| Preparedness movement | a campaign led by former Chief of Staff of the U.S. Army, Leonard Wood, and former President Theodore Roosevelt to strengthen the U.S. military after the outbreak of World War I. |
| Zimmerman note | a coded message sent to Mexico, proposing a military alliance against the United States |
| Committee on Public Information | was an independent agency of the government of the United States under the Wilson administration created to influence public opinion to support the US in World War I, in particular, the US home front. |
| Great Migration | one of the largest movements of people in United States history. Approximately six million Black people moved from the American South to Northern, Midwestern, and Western states roughly from the 1910s until the 1970s. |
| Espionage and Sedition Acts | Outlawed public criticism of government leaders & war policies. |
| Bolshevik Revolution | Triggered a prolonged civil war throughout Russia in which the US and the allies had to overthrow the communists. Lenin signed peace with Germany. Brought Communism to Russia. |
| Fourteen Points | Designed as guidelines for the rebuilding of the postwar world, the points |
| League of Nation debate | The League of Nations was an international diplomatic group developed after World War I as a way to solve disputes between countries before they erupted into open warfare. |
| Treaty of Versailles | The Treaty of Versailles was signed by Germany and the Allied Nations on June 28, 1919, formally ending World War One. Required that Germany pay financial reparations, disarm, lose territory, and give up all of its overseas colonies. |
| Spanish flu epidemic | Killed Millions |
| 19th Amendment | Women were given the right to vote. |
| “Red Summer” | A period of U.S. history right after WW1 marked by public fear of far-left extremism, including Bolshevism and anarchism, due to both real and imagined events. |
| Elaine Massacre | Occurred on September 30–October 2, 1919 at Hoop Spur in the vicinity of Elaine in rural Phillips County, Arkansas. As many as several hundred African Americans and five white men were killed. |
| First Red Scare | Palmer Raids a series of raids conducted in November 1919 and January 1920 by the United States Department of Justice under the administration of Wilson to capture and arrest suspected socialists and deport them from the United States. |
| Consumer culture | A form of material culture facilitated by the market, which thus created a particular relationship between the consumer and the goods or services he or she uses or consumes |
| New technologies of the 1920s | Radio, Film, Automobiles, Silent Movies, Talkies |
| “Jazz Age” | US. a period of U.S. history in the 1920s noted for general prosperity, financial speculation, Prohibition, the emergence of organized crime, profound social, cultural, and literary change, and the influence of jazz. |
| Flappers | Young women of the 1920s whose rebellion against pre-war standards of femininity included wearing short skirts, bobbing hair, dancing, driving, smoking, drinking, and gambling. |
| Margaret Sanger | Opened the first birth-control clinic in the United States. Also, founded the American Birth Control League in 1921. Fought for the legal rights of physicians to give birth control to patients. |
| Harlem Renaissance | The nations first self-conscious black literary & artistic movement. Became an intellectual and cultural revival of black culture and black pride. |
| “New Negro” | Was a concept of the second half of the 19th century, after the Civil War, when African-Americans were hoping to represent themselves in new, progressive ways, either in the halls of politics or in culture. |
| Marcus Garvey | Said that Blacks have nothing in common with the Whites |
| NAACP | Progressive interracial activism group on racial issues |
| Immigration Act of 1924 | First limited immigration from Europe through a quota system |
| Sacco and Vanzetti | Italian Immigrant anarchists blamed for murder. Maintained their innocence and protesters claimed they were only being charged because of their immigrant status and their radical beliefs. Both men were put to death by electric chair. |
| Resurgence of the KKK | Gained support though the film "The Birth of a Nation." Violently denounced Jews, Catholics, al non whites. Employed domestic violence. |
| Scopes Trial | "Monkey Trial" Evolutionists' belief that human ancestors were apes, evolved into a trial pitting religion against science. |
| 18th Amendment/Prohibition | Banned Alcohol. The laws were met with intense backlash and were difficult to enforce. |
| Speakeasies | Illegal bars where liquor was sold. |
| Al Capone | A gangster whose bootlegging empire netted over $60 million a year. |
| “Return to Normalcy” | Was a campaign slogan used by Warren G. Harding during the 1920 United States presidential election. Harding would go on to win the election with 60.4% of the popular vote. |
| Isolationism | Advocated non-involvement in European and Asian conflicts and non-entanglement in international politics. |
| Disarmament | The reduction or withdrawal of military forces and weapons. |
| Teapot Dome Scandal | Was a bribery scandal involving the administration of United States President Warren G. Harding from 1921 to 1923. |
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noor_b
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