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Ch. 10 Reading quiz
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| agribusiness | commercial agriculture characterized by the integration of different steps in the food-processing industry, usually through ownership by large corporations |
| agricultural revolution | the time when human beings first domesticated plants & animals & no longer relied entirely on hunting & gathering |
| agriculture | the deliberate effort to modify a portion of Earth's surface through the cultivation of crops & raising of livestock for sustence of economic gain |
| aquaculture (aquafarming) | the cultivation of seafood under controlled conditions |
| cereal grain (cereal) | a grass that yields grain for food |
| chaff | husks of grain separated from the seed by threshing |
| combine | a machine that reaps, threshes, & cleans grain while moving over a field |
| commercial agriculture | agriculture undertaken primary to generate products for sale off the farm |
| crop | any plant gathered from a field as a harvest during a particular season |
| crop rotation | the practice of rotating use of different fields from crop to crop each year to avoid exhausting the soil |
| desertification | degradation of land, especially in semiarid areas, primarily because of human actions such as excessive crop planting, animal grazing, & tree cutting; aka semiarid land degradation |
| dietary energy consumption | the amount of food that an individual consumes, measured in kilocalories (calories in the US) |
| double cropping | harvesting twice a year from the same field |
| food security | physical, social, & economic access at all times to safe & nutritious food sufficient to meet dietary needs & food preferences for an active & healthy life |
| grain | seed of a cereal grass |
| green revolution | rapid diffusion of new agricultural technology, especially new high-yield seeds & fertilizers |
| horticulture | the growing of fruits, vegetables, & flowers |
| hull | the outer covering of a seed |
| intensive subsistence agriculture | a form of subsistence agriculture in which farmers must expend a relatively large amount of effort to produce the maximum feasible yield from a parcel of land |
| milkshed | the area surrounding a city from which milk is supplied |
| paddy | the Malay word for wet rice, commonly but incorrectly used to describe a sawah |
| pastoral nomadism | a form of subsistence agriculture based on herding domesticated animals |
| pasture | grass or other plants grown for feeding grazing animals as well as land used for grazing |
| plantation | a large in tropical & subtropical climates that specializes in the production of one or two crops for sale, usually to a more developed country |
| prime agricultural land | the most productive farmland |
| ranching | a form of commercial agriculture in which livestock graze over an extensive area |
| reaper | a machine that cuts cereal grain standing in a field |
| ridge tillage | a system of planting crops on ridge tops in order to reduce farm production costs & promote greater soil conservation |
| sawah | a flooded field for growing rice |
| shifting cultivation | a form of subsistence agriculture in which people shift activity from one field to another; each field is used for crops for a relatively few years & left fallow for a relatively long period |
| slash & burn agriculture | another name for shifting cultivation, so named because fields are cleared by slashing the vegetation & burning the debris |
| spring wheat | wheat planted in the spring & harvested in the late summer |
| subsistence agriculture | agriculture designed primarily to provide food for direct consumption by the farmer & the farmer's family |
| sustainable agriculture | farming methods that preserve long-term productivity of land & minimize pollution, typically by rotating soil-restoring crops with cash crops & reducing inputs of fertilizer & pesticides |
| swidden | a patch of land cleared for planting through slashing & burning |
| thresh | to beat out grain from stalks |
| transhumance | the seasonal migration of livestock between mountains & lowland pastures |
| truck farming | commercial gardening & fruit farming so named because 'truck' was Middle English word meaning "bartering" or "exchange of commodities" |
| undernourishment | dietary energy consumption that is continuously below the minimum requirement for maintaining a healthy life & carrying out light physical activity |
| wet rice | rice planted on dry land in a nursery & then moved to a deliberately flooded field to promote growth |
| winnow | to remove chaff by allowing it to be blown away by the wind |
| winter wheat | wheat planted in the autumn & harvested in the early summer |
Created by:
jeanay26
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