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Ancient Egypt
World Geo/Ancient History
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| scarab | an amulet symbol of renewal and rebirth; in the form of a beetle |
| amulet | a small object that a person wears, carries, or offers to a deity (god) because he or she believes it will magically bestow a particular power or form of protection |
| cataract | white water rapids (shallow lengths) or small waterfall |
| hieroglyphics | sacred carvings; sacred writings; pictures and symbols used for writing |
| Rosetta Stone | large rock written in three languages; used to decipher hieroglyphics |
| hieratic script | shorthand form of hieroglyphics |
| pharaoh | ruler/leader; ancient Egyptian king; means Great House |
| vizier | high government official (below king) |
| dynasty | a sequence of powerful leaders in the same family |
| Memphis | capital during Old Kingdom |
| Thebes | capital during Middle Kingdom |
| Amarna | capital during New Kingdom |
| Cairo | current capital of Egypt; 15 miles south of Memphis |
| kush | known for its widespread trade routes, spreading ivory and other North African luxury goods throughout the Mediterranean |
| Old Kingdom | pyramid building flourished; King Menes first ruler/dynasty |
| Middle Kingdom | flourishing arts, particularly in jewelry making; great trading power; reign of prosperity; Hyksos ruled |
| New Kingdom | evicted the Hyksos; time of renaissance in artistic creation, but also as the end of dynastic rule; first female ruler Hetshepsut |
| papyrus | make paper, baskets, sandals, mats, rope, blankets, tables, chairs, mattresses, medicine, perfume, food, and clothes |
| King Tutankhamen | became pharaoh at 9; little is known because he died so young |
| Hatshepsut | reign was mostly time of peace but also led successful trade relations & military expeditions; wore men's clothes and false beard |
| Ramses the Great/Ramses II | conquered what is present day Turkey and Nubia; best preserved mummies |
| Kent Weeks | archaelogist who discovered a passageway leading to the tomb that may have been the resting place for Ramses the Great's children |
| Howard Carter | archeologisy and Egyptologist who discovered King Tut's tomb |
| Cleopatra | Daughter of King Ptolemy XII Auletes, was destined to become the last ruler of the Macedonian dynasty that ruled Egypt between the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BCE and its annexation by Rome in 30 BCE |
| Nile River | vital to Egyptian society; provided transportation, food, building materials |
| sphinx | a creature with the body of a lion and the head of a human, with some variations. |
| The Great Sphinx of Giza | giant 4,500-year-old limestone statue situated near the Great Pyramid in Giza, Egypt; one of the largest monuments in the world |
| Giza | plateau southwest of modern Cairo which served as the necropolis for the royalty of the Old Kingdom of Egypt |
| Nubia | Land south of Egypt where the Kush kingdom was |
| Social Pyramid | A diagram illustrating the divisions within a culture; usually showing the most powerful person on the top and weakest on the bottom |
| silt | A mixture of tiny bits of soil and rock carried and deposited by a river |
| Valley of the Kings | is a valley in Egypt where tombs were constructed for pharaohs |
| Punt | an ancient kingdom and trading partner of Egypt |
| How did people use the Nile? | 1. Drinking and bathing 2. framing aka agriculture 3. transportation |
| Egypt's economy was based on _______. | Agriculture |
| Menes | The king of upper Egypt who united upper and lower Egypt. He was the first King of Egypt's first dynasty. |
| Jean Fancois Champollion | the decipherer of hieroglyphs |
| scribe | record keepers |
| Upper/Lower Egypt | Two separate kingdoms in Egypt on the continent of Africa |
| delta | A flat fan shaped land made of silt deposited at the mouth of a river; wetlands that form as rivers empty their water and sediment into another body of water, such as an ocean, lake, or another river |
| sarcophagus | a stone coffin, typically adorned with a sculpture or inscription and associated with the ancient civilizations of Egypt, Rome, and Greece |
| obelisks | four-sided pillars topped with pyramid-shaped block |
| tracer | person who copied ancient writings and drawings to allow for further study |
| Khufu | generally believed to be the builder of the Great Pyramid of Giza; Cheops was an ancient Egyptian monarch who was the second pharaoh of the Fourth Dynasty, in the first half of the Old Kingdom period |
| Anubis | god of the dead |
| Ar | the ancient Egyptians called it this or Aur , “Black,” in allusion to the color of the sediments carried by the river when it is in flood |
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DanielsFSUS
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