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Hematology
RBCs, WBCs, and Platelets / Disorders
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Because of family history, the physician orders hemoglobin electrophoresis tests for Jordan. The results are positive for hemoglobin S. What disorder does the patient have? | Sickle cell anemia |
| Ethan presents with hypotension, tachycardia, and hyperventilation. You learn that he received a severe wound while using a chain saw. Laboratory results reveal low hematocrit, low hemoglobin, and normocytic normochromic anemia. | Acute blood loss -In this type of anemia, cell size and shape are unchanged, hence the terms normocytic and normochromic |
| Stephanie has systemic lupus erythematous. Her peripheral blood smear reveals spherocytosis and poikilocytosis. Reticulocyte percentage is elevated. | Hemolytic anemia -Percentage of reticulocytes elevates in conditions such as hemolytic anemia, when a large number of red blood cells are being destroyed |
| Nina, age 23, has the primary complaint of heavy menstrual periods. Blood laboratory values show low hemoglobin and hematocrit with microcytic and hypochromic cells. Serum ferritin is low with elevated total iron binding capacity. | Iron-deficiency anemia -Iron is an essential component in the synthesis of hemoglobin -Lacking the necessary hemoglobin, red blood cells take on a smaller, paler appearance |
| Rosalie reports bruising easily and nose bleeds. Bone marrow biopsy results reveal hypocellularity throughout, and CBC values show reduced red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and reticulocytes. | Aplastic anemia -In aplastic anemia, all bone marrow cell types are reduced, known as pancytopenia |
| Peter has been experiencing headaches, tinnitus, vertigo, and nosebleeds. Blood laboratory results reveal a hemoglobin level of 18 g/dL and a hematocrit level of 55%. White blood cells and platelets are also elevated. Erythropoietin is low. | Primary polycythemia |
| Nassar had jaundice in the past. He also is on the lower end of the growth curve for his age. A CBC reveals low hematocrit and hemoglobin and MCHC anemia. Electrophoresis reveals Hgb with missing beta chains. | Thalassemia -Middle Eastern descent |
| What is one possible sign of elevated red blood cell breakdown? | Jaundice |
| Prolonged hypoxia, such as occurs with chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder, may result in _________. | Polycythemia |
| A characteristic of aplastic anemia is _______________. | Pancytopenia |
| Deficiency in which of the following nutrients may result in megaloblastic red blood cells? Select all that apply. | |
| Alcohol abuse and liver damage result in: | Bleeding disorder |
| Treatments include heparin and warfarin: | Clotting disorder |
| Primary and secondary thrombocytosis: | Clotting disorder |
| Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP): | Bleeding disorder |
| Petechiae ( small red or purple "dots" on the surface of the skin due to bleeding from broken capillaries): | Bleeding disorder |
| Smoking and blood flow stasis: | Clotting disorder |
| Malignant tumors and high estrogen: | Clotting disorder -Chemotherapy treatment for cancer may contribute to clot formation. High levels of estrogen, as found in oral contraceptives, especially when used in patients who also smoke, increases the risk for clot formation |
| Von Willebrand disease: | Bleeding disorder |
| Treatments include aspirin and thrombolytic agents: | Clotting disorder |
| Antibodies against platelets: | Bleeding disorder |
| Which of the following is true regarding hemostasis? | Fibrinolysis is the destruction of clots. |
| Which of the following laboratory tests examine clotting time? Select all that apply. | -Prothrombin time -Activated partial thromboplastin time |
| Which of the following are NOT commonly associated with bleeding disorders? | Decreased prothrombin time |
| Which of the following may increase the risk of clotting? | Primary thrombocytosis |
| In which disorder are fibrin clots formed rapidly, using up coagulation factors, resulting in increased risk of bleeding? | Disseminated intravascular coagulation |
| Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL) | -B or T cells do not function or mature -More common in children than adults -Bone marrow >20% lymphoblasts |
| Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma (NHL) | -T, B, or NK cells involved -More common than Hodgkin's -More than 20 different forms -Lymph node enlargement |
| Multiple Myeloma | -Proliferation of abnormal plasma cells -B cells produce abnormal antibody fragments -B cell malignancy -Increased osteolysis and plasmacytoma function |
| Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML) | -Overproduction of mature myeloid cells -Progressive phases with loss in neutrophil differentiation -Total WBC count may elevate to more than 100,000 cells/microliter |
| Hodgkin’s Lymphoma | -B cell abnormality -Reed-Sternberg cells in lymph tissue -Solid tumor in lymphoid tissue |
| Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) | -B cells do not produce normal lgs -Elderly is affected -Most common type of leukemia in U.S. -Lymphocytosis with a WBC count of >20,000 cells/microliter |
| Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML) | -Blast cells may invade other tissues -Anemia -Bone marrow more than 20% blast cells of myeloid origin |
| The result of the complete blood count with differential report shows a white blood cell count of 12,000 cells/microliter. Normal is 5,000–10,000 cells/microliter. Which condition has the infected client developed? | Leukocytosis |
| What are some symptoms associated with white blood cell neoplasms? Select all that apply. | -Thrombocytopenia -Bone pain -Increased risk of infection -Splenomegaly -Anemia |
| Which form of leukemia presents with immature T or B cells? | Acute lymphocytic leukemia |
| If Reed-Sternberg cells are noted on a biopsy sample, which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? | Hodgkin’s lymphoma |
| In which condition are abnormal plasma cells, immunoglobulins, or immunoglobulin fragments present? | Multiple myeloma |
Created by:
kmeans34
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