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Progressive Era
Political and economic progressive terms
Term | Definition |
---|---|
16th Amendment | direct income tax |
17th Amendment | direct election of U.S. Senators by the voters |
initiative | method by which voters could force the state legislature to consider a bill |
referendum | method that allowed citizens to vote on proposed laws printed on their ballots |
recall | enabled voters to remove a corrupt or unsatisfactory politician from office by majority vote before that official's term had expired |
direct primary | placed the nominating process directly in the hands of the people instead of party leaders and political bosses |
commissions and councils | voters elect the heads of city departments to oversee city (municipal) services to break the power of the political bosses |
muckraker | informed the public about the scandalous realities of politics, factories, and slums |
progressive | shared in the belief that honest government and just laws could improve the human condition |
"Square Deal" | Roosevelt favored neither business nor labor, insisting on fairness for both |
Sherman Antitrust Act | legislation used by Teddy Roosevelt to file lawsuits against J.P. Morgan and John Rockefeller |
Clayton Antitrust Act | legislation that strengthened the government's ability to break up monopolies and protected labor unions |
New Nationalism | Roosevelt's commitment to more government regulation of big businesses and increased social welfare, including women's suffrage |
New Freedom | Wilson's commitment to bringing back conditions of free and fair competition in the economy by attacking "the triple wall of privilege" |