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U5 Vocab AP Human
Unit 5 Vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Yield | the amount of an agricultural product produced in an area of cultivation |
| Transhumance | moving flocks into the highlands for summer (cooler) and returning to lowlands for the winter (warmer) |
| Agriculture | modifying the environment to raise plants or animals for food or other uses |
| Climate | the prevailing weather conditions in general over a long period of time |
| Extensive agriculture | agriculture that uses small amounts of labor on a large area of land |
| Intensive agriculture | agriculture that uses a lot of labor on a small area of land |
| Market gardening | small-scale, manual labor agricultural production of a variety of crops to be sold locally |
| Mediterranean climate | a climate with warm, dry summers and cool, mild winters mainly found around the Mediterranean Sea |
| Mixed crop/livestock | a farm that raises animals, but also feed for those animals and makes money selling the animal products |
| Nomadic herding | raising animals and traveling from place to place with them to find pasture for their animals |
| Plantation | a usually large commercial farm that specializes in one or two crops, usually semi-tropical or tropical areas |
| Ranching | commercial agriculture that allows livestock to wander a large area to feed using for meat or wool |
| Shifting cultivation | subsistence agriculture form used in tropical areas that cuts down vegetation for burning which provides nourishment to the soil - every few years the farmer must move to a new location as the nutrients are gone and repeat |
| Slash-and-burn agriculture | subsistence agriculture form used in tropical areas that cuts down vegetation for burning which provides nourishment to the soil - every few years the farmer must move to a new location as the nutrients are gone and repeat |
| Tropical climate | (Usually around the equator) areas that have an average temperature above 64° and get substantial precipitation |
| Base line | in the United States a baseline is the principal east- west line (i.e., a parallel) upon which all rectangular surveys in a defined area are based |
| Clustered Settlement | a pattern of rural settlement in which the houses and farm buildings of each family are situated close to each others' fields and surround the settlement. |
| Linear settlement | a rural land use pattern that creates a long, narrow settlement around a river, coast, or road that looks like a line |
| Long Lot | rural land use pattern that divides land into long, narrow lined up along a waterway or road |
| Metes and bounds | a system of describing parcels of land where the metes are the lines (including angle and distance that surround the property) and bound describes features such as a river or public road |
| Surveying | examining and measuring the surface of the Earth for planning, preparing to build, or mapping |
| Township and range | a system of dividing large parcels of where the townships describe how far north or south from the center point |
| Columbian Exchange | a widespread exchange of animals, plants, culture, human populations, communicable diseases, and ideas between the American and Afro-Eurasian hemispheres that was launched by Columbus's voyages |
| Domestication | the process of taming plants or animals for human use |
| Fertile Crescent | a crescent-shaped area in Southwest Asia where settled farming first began to emerge leading leading to the rise of cities |
| First Agricultural Revolution | time when people first domesticate plants and animals which allows people to live in one place |
| Second Agricultural Revolution | coincides with the Industrial Revolution; increasing yield and access through machines and transportation |
| Green Revolution | the spread of new technologies like high yield seeds and chemical fertilizers to the developing world in the 1960s and 1970s |
| Bid-rent theory | a geographic theory that states the price and demand for real estate change as the distance from the central business district (CBD) increases |
| Commercial agriculture | when the focus of agriculture is to produce a product to sell to other people |
| Monocropping | agricultural practice of growing a single crop year after year on the same land |
| Monoculture | the cultivation of a single crop or raising of a single type of animal in a given area |
| Subsistence agriculture | when the focus of agriculture is to produce enough for to feed the family but with little, if any, profit |
| Agribusiness | system of commercial agriculture that links various industries to the farm |
| Commodity chain (supply chain) | links that connect production and distribution of goods |
| Economies of scale | cost advantages that come producing a large amount of an item |
| Export commodity | goods sent from one country to another for sale |
| Conservation | the protection of wildlife and natural resources |
| Deforestation | human-driven and natural loss of trees for not forest use |
| Desertification | the process of a dry area becoming drier and losing vegetation |
| Irrigation | moving water to where you need it |
| Pastoral nomadism | herding animals and migrating with them to find pasture areas without a permanent pasture area |
| Soil salinization | the slow build up of salt in soil, particularly in irrigated areas, that makes soil unable to grow plants |
| Terrace farming | method of growing crops on the sides of hills or mountains by planting on man-made steps (terraces) |
| Aquaculture | raising and harvesting fish, shellfish, and aquatic plants |
| Biodiversity | the variety of life forms - used a measure of the health of a biological system |
| Biotechnology | the use of living organisms in the manufacture of drugs or other products or for environmental management |
| Community supported agriculture (CSA) | a system in which a farm operation is supported by shareholders within the community who share both the benefits and risks of food production |
| Food deserts | an urban area in which it is difficult to buy affordable or good-quality fresh food |
| Genetically Modified Organism | living thing that has been altered through genetic engineering |
| Local food movements | encouraging people to eat foods which are grown or farmed relatively close to the places of sale and preparation |
| Organic farming | farming that uses natural fertilizers and natural methods of pest control instead of artificial |
| Urban farming | integrating growing crops or raising animals into an urban ecosystem |
| Value added crops | changing the physical state or form of an agricultural product in a way that increases it's worth (wheat into flour or berries into jam) |
| Concentrated Animal Feeding Operation (CAFO) | a farm where many animals are kept in tight quarters in a small area |
| Pasture | large area of grassy land where it is appropriate to keep livestock |
| Sustainable agriculture | using farming techniques that protect the environment, public health, human communities, and animal welfare and can go on indefinitely |
| Combine | machine that reaps, threshes, and cleans grain while moving over a field |
| Crop rotation | temporarily changing crops to limit the depletion of soil nutrients |
| Double cropping | growing more than one crop in the same field in the same growing season |
| Swidden | a plot of land prepared for shifting cultivation by burning the natural vegetation |
| Dispersed Settlement | settlement pattern with people living relatively far from each other on their farms |
Created by:
slatty2x
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