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MrNiceGuy6309
Study guide! ⚠️NOTICE⚠️ Please tell me if you see any misspellings/things wrong
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| a political system in which a ruler has absolute power | absolutism |
| basic laws of a state that define the role of government and guarantee its obligations to the people; a document that describes how a country will be governed and guarantees people certain rights | constitution |
| the growth of free trade between countries | globalization |
| a government whose powers are restricted through laws or a constitution | limited government |
| the desire of people with the same customs or beliefs customs or beliefs for self-rule | nationalism |
| the study of human culture and how it develops over time | anthropology |
| the study of objects to learn about past human life | archaeology |
| something that shows proof or an indication that something is true | evidence |
| firsthand evidence of an event in history | primary source |
| a document or written work created after an event | secondary source |
| a person that someone is descended from | ancestor |
| future member of a family | descendant |
| a traditional story that explains the practices or beliefs of a people or something in the natural world | myth |
| stories passed down from generation to generation | oral history |
| a custom, or way of life, passed down from generation to generation | tradition |
| north,south,east and west | cardinal directions |
| a "half sphere", used to refer to one-half of the glove when divided into North and South or East and West | hemisphere |
| imaginary lines that circle the Earth parallel to the Equator | latitude |
| imaginary lines that circle the Earth from the North Pole to the South Pole, measuring distance east or west of the Prime Meridian | longitude |
| a way of showing the round Earth on a flat map | projection |
| a system in which each branch of the government limits the power of another branch | checks and balances |
| the part if the government that enforces laws | Executive Branch |
| the part of the government that interprets the laws | Judicial Branch |
| the part of the government that passes the laws | Legislative Branch |
| the division of power among the branches of government; a government structure that has three distinct branches legislative, executive, and judicial | separation of powers |
| a count of the number of people in a country | census |
| a person, native or naturalized, who owes allegiance to a government of a country and is entitled to the protection of that country | citizen |
| a select group of individuals who elect the President and Vice President to office on behalf of a larger group | Electoral College |
| a group of people sworn to make a decision in a legal case | jury |
| to reject | veto |
| money and goods used to help people make or do things | capital |
| the amount of something that a consumer wants to buy | demand |
| what is given up, such as time or money, to make or buy something | opportunity cost |
| the amount of a good or service that a producer wants to sell | supply |
| the lack of a resource | scarcity |
| to trade by exchanging one good or service for another; to exchange goods without money | barter |
| an economic system in which a central government decides what goods will be made and who will receive them | command economy |
| a good that is sent from one country to another in trade | export |
| a good brought into a country from another country | import |
| an amount that is left over after a need has been met | surplus |
| an economic system in which resources and means of production are privately owned and prices, production and distribution of goods are determined mainly by competition in a free market | capitalism |
| a system in which all economic and social activity is controlled by a totalitarian state dominated by a single and self-perpetuating political party | communism |
| an economic system in which some businesses are controlled by the government and some are controlled by private companies | mixed economy |
| social and economic doctrine that calls for public rather than private ownership or control of property and natural resources | socialism |
| a type of economy where the goods created are dictated by traditions, culture, and beliefs | traditional economy |
| a person who organizes, pays for, and takes on the risk of setting up a business | entrepenuer |
| to give money to a company exchange for a return, or profit, on the money; to put money in a new business or other money-making projects | invest |
| an economic theory that depends on a greater amount of exports than imports in order to increase a country's supply of gold and silver | mercantillism |
| a period of slow economic growth or decline | recession |
| a group of people who are at a similar culture, economic or education level | social class |
| the function or part an individual fills in society; something that plays a part in the process | role |
| a society which includes a highly developed type of government, industry and culture | civilization |
| a group of people with common interests and values living an an areal people living in a particular area; and area | community |
| the study of the origin, development, organization, and functioning of human societies; the science of the fundamental laws of social relations, institutions, etc. | sociology |
| the sets of beliefs, behaviors, and traits shared by a group of people | culture |
| the ruling class of Rome | patricians |
| the social class that, according to Marxist theory, owns the means of producing wealth and is regarded as exploiting the working class | bourgeoise |
| ordinary citizens of Rome | plebians |
| the class of industrial workers whose only asset is the labor they sell to an employer in Marxist theory; a social class of ancient Rome that had the lowest status and possessed no property | proletariat |
| an organization with different levels of authority; a classification into ranks | hierarchy |
| a group of people living in a new territory who have ties to their homeland; a new territory | colony |
| to move to another country | emigrate |
| a forced absence from one's new country | exile |
| person who moves to anew country to make a permanent home | immigrant |
| a person who flees to another country to escape persecution or disaster | refugee |
| the belief that it is impossible to know whether or not God exists | agnosticism |
| a disbelief in the existence of God or deities | atheism |
| a belief in one god | monotheism |
| a belief in more than one god | polytheism |
| a way of thinking that combined faith and reason | scholasticism |
| a religion founded in ancient India by Siddhartha Gautama (also known as Buddha) | Buddhism |
| a system of beliefs based on the teachings of Confucius | Confucianism |
| a Chinese philosophy concerned with obtaining long life and living in harmony with nature | Daoism |
| a major religion that developed in ancient India characterized by a belief in reincarnation and a large pantheon of gods and goddesses | Hinduism |
| a Japanese religion in which devotees worship and make offerings to numerous gods and spirits associated with the natural world | Shintoism |
| a religion based on the life, teachings, and examples Jesus Christ | Christianity |
| a religion of the Jewish people which is based on writings in the Hebrew Bible and the Talmud | Judaism |
| a religion based on the teachings of Muhammad | Islam |
| group of Muslims who believed the descendants of Ali should rule | Shia |
| a group of Muslims who accepted the rule of the Umayyad caliphs | Sunni |
| an economic system where machines do work that was once performed by animals or humans | industrialism |
| the steps for an orderly search for knowledge | scientific method |
| the organized growing of food on a regular schedule | systematic agricultue |
| the use of advanced methods to solve problems; an ability gained by the practical use of knowledge | technology |
| the increase in the proportion of people living in cities rather than rural areas | urbanization |
| a group of non-elected government officials | buraucracy |
| a government in which citizens elect officials who administer its policies | representative democracy |
| a person with absolute power to rule | dictator |
| a member of an upper class of society, usually made up of hereditary nobility | aristocrat |
| a form government in which all citizens can participate firsthand in the decision-making process | direct democracy |
| a political system in which the head of state is a king or queen who rules according to a constitution | constitutional monarchy |
| a government by the people | democracy |
| a line of rulers from one family | dynasty |
| a government in which a small group has control | oligarchy |
| an absolute ruler unrestrained by law; harsh ruler | tyrant |
| the system of service between a lord and the vassals who have sword loyalty to the lord; political order | feaudalism |
| a government which divides power between central and state governments | federal system |
| a large territory or group of many territories governed by one ruler | empire |
| a government whose ruler, a king or queen, inherits the position from a parent | monarchy |
| a form of government in which citizens elect their leaders | republic |
| those who support each other for some common purpose | allies |
| a diplomatic official of the highest rank sent by one country as its long-term representative to another | ambassador |
| a battle or war; a fight or disagreement; a fight or battle | conflict |
| of or relating to soldiers, arms, or war; relating to the armed forces | military |
| payment made to a ruler or state as a sign of surrender; payment to a ruler as a sign of submission or for protection | tribute |
| usual, predictable pattern of weather | climate |
| long period of extreme dryness and water shortages | drought |
| the study of the earth in all its variety | geography |
| a period of heavy rainfall, especially during the summer over South and Southeast Asia brought about by a seasonal reversal of wind patterns | monsoon |
| a map that shows the names and borders of countries | political map |
| many scattered islands surrounded by an expanse of water | archipelago |
| valley in the ocean floor | trench |
| a huge ocean wave caused by an underwater earthquake | tsumami |
| theory that the earth's crust is not an unbroken shell but consists of plates, or huge slabs of rock, that move | plate tectonics |
| a mountain that releases hot or melted rocks from inside the Earth | volcano |
| a straight or narrow sea between two land masses; a canal; a narrow body of water between two land masses | channel |
| a fan-shaped area of silt near where a river flows into the sea | delta |
| a narrow piece of land linking two large areas of land | isthemus |
| large body of water completely or partly surrounded by water | sea |
| small river that flows into a larger river | tributary |
| low area surrounded by higher land | basin |
| giant slow-moving sheets of ice | glacier |
| piece of land with water on three sides | peninsula |
| low-lying stretch of flat or gently rolling plain | plain |
| flat land with higher elevation than a plain | plateau |
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MrNiceGuy6309
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