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MIP-300 Exam A

QuestionAnswer
Compare and contrast prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells Prokaryotic cells are simple, single-celled, and lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, while eukaryotic cells are complex, multi-celled, and have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
Explain what a “transitional organism” is and name a type of microbe that can be transitional. A transitional organism is a species that displays characteristics of both ancestral and derived species and provides insights into evolutionary processes. The archaea are an example of a microbe that can be considered a transitional organism.
Give a structural explanation for why the thickness may vary between two Gram positive bacteria. How would this answer differ for Gram negative bacteria? The amount of peptides in the interbridge in PPG may differ between Gram pos(+) species. The interbridge does not exist for Gram neg (-) species so their PPG is going to be thinner.
What are the steps for a Gram stain? 1. Prepare a heat-fixed smear 2. Flood the slide with crystal violet 3. Rinse with distilled water 4. Flood the slide with Gram's iodine 5. Rinse with alcohol or acetone 6. Flood the slide with safranin 7. Rinse with distilled water and air dry
What are the steps for an acid-fast stain? 1. Prepare a heat-fixed smear 2. Flood the slide with carbolfuchsin 3. Rinse w/ acid-alcohol 4. Flood slide w/ auramine 5. Rinse w/ distilled water 6. Decolorize w/ acid-alcohol 7. Flood slide w/ phenol red 8. Rinse w/ distilled water and air dry
What are the steps for an endospore stain? 1. Prepare a heat-fixed smear 2. Flood slide with malachite green 3. Rinse with distilled water 4. Flood the slide with heat-fixed carbolfuchsin 5. Rinse with acid-alcohol 6. Flood the slide with safranin 7. Rinse with distilled water and air dry
Bacteria do not contain complex membrane-bound organelles. Without using complex membranes, how do bacteria store essential nutrients? Inclusion bodies
Identify the 4 phases of a microbial growth curve in a closed system. 1. Lag Phase 2. Exponential Phase 3. Stationary Phase 4. Death Phase
Slime layer It is usually composed of polysaccharides and it may serve to trap nutrients, to aid in cell motility, to bind cells together or to adhere to smooth surfaces.
Glycocalyx A dense, gel-like meshwork that surrounds the cell, constituting a physical barrier for any object to enter the cell. It protects the cell as well as let it attach to other bacteria and surfaces.
S-layer S-layers have important roles in growth and survival, that include the maintenance of cell integrity, enzyme display and interaction with the host and its immune system.
Created by: sdturner
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