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History Unit 4 Test
| The sultan who conquered Constantinople by placing siege on the city; beginning of Ottoman empire strength | Mehmed II |
| Capital of the Byzantine empire, heavily fortified | Constantinople |
| Title given to the ruler of the Ottomans | Sultan |
| The sultan at the height of the Ottomans power; massive building projects, reforms, other cool and great stuff | Suleiman the Magnificent |
| The Italian dude who was sponsored by Isabel and Ferdinand; technically discovers the new world; controversial behaviors follow | Christopher Columbus |
| Portuguese explorer who finds the actual sea route to India by traveling around the south tip of Africa | Vasco de Gama |
| Founds a navigation school to teach people how to find their way while at sea; also creates a boatyard to make ships | Henry the Navigator |
| The guy the Chinese chose to lead a thousand ships during their maritime exploration | Zheng He |
| The guy who realized that the newly discovered land wasn’t actually India, and made a map of it; America is named for him | Amerigo Vespucci |
| Circumvents the globe; he doesn’t make it but his crew does, he dies | Ferdinand Magellan |
| An empire consisting of established port cities or important trade cities under the control of one empire; differs from traditional definition because they do not seek to conquer all the land, just the important location to set up a network | “trading post empire” |
| Capital city of the Aztecs, built on wet marsh in the middle of a lake | Tenochtitlàn |
| The lake upon which Tenochtitlan was built | Lake Texcoco |
| Floating, farmable land made by weaving reeds together and placing fertile soil on top. Allowed for more efficient farming | Chinampas |
| Patron god of the Aztecs and their city. God of the sun, fed by the human sacrifice of blood. | Huitzilopochtli |
| The paranoid final ruler of the Aztecs; lets Cortez into the city and eventually becomes a puppet of the conquistadors | Montezuma II |
| Half man, half deity in the form of a feathered serpent. The Aztecs believed he would someday return to reclaim his land. They believed Cortes to be the incarnation of the god who had returned to them | Quetzalcoatl |
| Spanish explorer that discovered the Aztec empire and massacres them | Hernàn Cortès |
| Spanish conquerors that followed people like Cortes and Pizzarro | Conquistador |
| Spanish conquistadors + allies run for their lives out of Tenochtitlan. A bunch die. Marks the beginning of a dispute that eventually ends in the massacre of Aztecs. | “La Noche Triste” |
| A means of recording and communicating devised by the Incas; involves many knots on a string | Quipu |
| Mountain range in modern day Peru. Presented challenge for Incas building in the area | Andes Mountains |
| The city was built on top of the mountains to be closer to the gods. Exact purpose is unknown, but probably built as a religious place | Machu Picchu |
| Level out the top of a mountain and put a city there. Now imagine a lot of them. Each city at a different elevation, and separated by terrain, but all part of the same empire | vertical archipelago |
| Freeze dried potatoes made by exposing them to the sun during the day and to the cold at night. Easier to preserve. | Chuñu |
| Step farming; way to make farmable land on mountains; involves making step like cuts into the mountain and farming in the flat areas | terraced fields |
| The official language that the Incas forced on the groups they conquered | Quechua |
| The Incas would preserve the dead, and put them in these fancy rooms in the mountains. They would worship them and dance with them as if they were still alive. Each leader keeps ownership of the land he conquered while alive. | Cult of the Royal Mummies |
| Leader of the Incas when they fell to the Spanish. Wanted to prove the Spanish were not gods and show that he was stronger. Personally, I think he was kinda arrogant but I guess most of the men were | Atahualpa |
| The swineherd who conquered the Incas | Francisco Pizarro |
| Gun used by the Spanish. The aim was awful and it took really long to load and was a pretty terrible weapon by modern standards; however it succeeded in scaring the indigenous because they had never seen it | Harquebus |
| Deadly disease that killed 90% of the indigenous population. Symptoms are kinda like acne, but ten times worse and all over. | smallpox |
| Exchange of goods between the Old and New World, and eventually Africa as well. Involves food, livestock, sugar, death, and weed. Named after Columbus | Columbian Exchange |
| Two European parents but born in new world | Creoles |
| Mixed one indigenous and one European (usually the European was a guy) | Mestizos |
| Part black and part white (biracial) | Mulattoes |
| Largest city in the Americas with the largest silver mine in the world | Potosì |
| POV: China realizes silver exists and wants it | “silver drain” |
Created by:
sreheman2026
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