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Unit 3 Column 3 Term
Terms List 3
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Elastic Clause | Article I, Section 8, of the Constitution, which allows Congress to make all laws that are "necessary and proper" to carry out the powers of the Constitution. |
| Framer | Group of delegates who drafted the United States Constitution at the Philadelphia Convention in 1787 |
| Checks and Balances | A system that allows each branch of government to limit the powers of the other branches in order to prevent abuse of power |
| Separation of Powers | Constitutional division of powers among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches, with the legislative branch making law, the executive applying and enforcing the law, and the judiciary interpreting the law |
| Electoral College | A group of people named by each state legislature to select the president and vice president |
| Federalists | A term used to describe supporters of the Constitution during ratification debates in state legislatures. |
| Anti-federalists | Opponents of the American Constitution at the time when the states were contemplating its adoption. |
| Constitution vs Articles of Confederation | Strong central government; power to tax; central gov. manages foreign affairs Weak central government; no power to tax; only offer suggestions to confederation of state |
| Federalist Papers | A collection of 85 articles written by Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison under the name "Publius" to defend the Constitution in detail. |
| Bill of Rights | First 10 amendments to the Constitution |
| Hamilton's financial program | called for the government to repay both federal and state debts. He wanted the government to buy up all the bonds issued by both the national and state government before 1789. |
| Tariff | A tax on imported goods |
| National Debt | the total amount of money that a country's government has borrowed, by various means. |
| Democratic Republicans | Led by Thomas Jefferson, believed people should have political power, favored strong STATE governments, emphasized agriculture, strict interpretation of the Constitution, pro-French, opposed National Bank |
| Proclamation of Neutrality | A formal announcement issued by President George Washington on April 22, 1793, declaring the United States a neutral nation in the conflict between Great Britain and France. |
| Jay's Treaty (1794) | It was signed in the hopes of settling the growing conflicts between the U.S. and Britain. It dealt with the Northwest posts and trade on the Mississippi River. Very unpopular. |
| Pinckney's Treaty (1795) | This treaty between the U.S. and Spain which gave the U.S. the right to transport goods on the Mississippi River and to store goods in the Spanish port of New Orleans |
| Whiskey Rebellion (1794) | Farmers in Pennsylvania rebelled against Hamilton's excise tax on whiskey, and several federal officers were killed in the riots caused by their attempts to serve arrest warrants on the offenders. The army, led by Washington, put down the rebellion. |
| Washington's Farewell Address | Warned Americans not to get involved in European affairs, not to make permanent alliances, not to form political parties and to avoid sectionalism. |
| President John Adams | In 1796, he overcame Hamilton's opposition to his candidacy to win a narrow victory for the presidency. Vilified by the Republicans for not vetoing the Alien and Sedition Acts, he was defeated for reelection by Jefferson in 1800. |
| XYZ Affair | An insult to the American delegation when they were supposed to be meeting French foreign minister, Talleyrand, but instead they were sent 3 officials Adams called "X,Y, and Z" that demanded $250,000 as a bribe to see Talleyrand. |
| Alien and Sedition Acts | Series of four laws enacted in 1798 to reduce the political power of recent immigrants |
| Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions | Written anonymously by Jefferson and Madison in response to the Alien and Sedition Acts, they declared that states could nullify federal laws that the states considered unconstitutional. |
| Nullification | A state's refusal to recognize an act of Congress that it considers unconstitutional |
| Revolution of 1800 | Jefferson's election changed the direction of the government from Federalist to Democratic- Republican, so it was called a "revolution." |
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