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The Cold War
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Eisenhower | Republican candidate elected with the slogan “I like Ike” as the 34th President of the U.S. in 1952; former army general and Supreme Allied Commander of the ETO during WW II. Created the Eisenhower doctrine also. |
| Khrushchev | the man who took over leadership of the USSR after Stalin died in 1955. |
| MacArthur | American general chosen by the UN to lead its forces to repel the communist aggression during the Korean War; relieved of his command in the U.S. by President Truman because of a public disagreement about attacking communist China. |
| Senator McCarthy | a U.S. Senator that led the Senate Committee on Investigation from 1950-1954, accusing many people in and outside of the government of being communist. |
| Mao Zedong | won civil war against Nationalist Army of Chiang Kai-Shek. |
| Rosenberg’s | an American husband and wife who were tried for selling atom bomb secrets to the USSR during the 1940s; they were tried and convicted in 1951, then executed (electric chair) in 1953. |
| Korean War | conflict involving Communist North Korean and Chinese communists’ forces and free (democratic) South Korean forces and United Nations forces (led by the U.S.); lasted from 1950-1953 and was the first “hot war/hot spot” of the Cold War. |
| Nuremberg Trials | was a war crime trial about the Nazis and the Holocaust. |
| Berlin Airlift | military operation that supplied West Berlin with food and other vital goods by air after the Soviet Union blockaded the city. |
| Eisenhower’s enforcement of the Brown case | a 1954 U.S. Supreme Court decision that overturned/reversed the Plessy case and made segregation illegal. |
| Creation of interstates | a series of connected high-speed, limited access roadways built by the U.S. government originally for the evacuation of cities and the transportation of military vehicles and supplies in case a nuclear attack on the U.S. |
| Baby boom | vets who married and had families. |
| Increase in consumerism | 1950 intro to first credit card and expanding in idea of markets: babies (parents). |
| Increase in Christianity | protestant church memberships increased, TV preachers and evangelists increased |
| Conflict between Truman and MacArthur | MacArthur urged a bombing of supply bases in China and a blockade, but Truman and the UN refused his plan, so MacArthur wrote to congress and used media to criticize Truman and the UN. Truman then fired MacArthur. |
| Truman Doctrine | promotes the policy of containment – first president to use containment – wanted to contain communism but also wanted to spread democracy. |
| Domino Theory | the belief that if one country in a region became Communist, then the entire region would also fall to Communism. |
| Marshall Plan | George Marshall, U.S. Sectary of State, proposed $15 billion aid package over 4 years to help Europeans rebuild and stay away from communism. |
| Warsaw Pact | the USSR’s answer to NATO, i.e., a military alliance among the USSR and its satellites. |
| Brinksmanship | U.S. policy stating that America would threaten all-out war to confront and stop communist aggression |
| iron curtain | the political, military, and ideological barrier erected by the Soviet Union after World War II to seal off itself and its dependent eastern and central European allies from open contact with the West and other noncommunist areas. |
| G.I. Bill | returning veterans attended college and got pensions and low-interest home loans. |
| Blacklisted | no one would hire you |
| satellite nation | countries behind the iron curtain who are controlled by a foreign power |
| containment | was the U.S. approach to containing, or preventing, the spread of Communism. |
| Eisenhower Doctrine | policy announced by President Eisenhower that America would provide economic and military aid to any country threatened by communism, particularly in the Middle East. |
| McCarthyism | the public accusation of political subversion (treason/betrayal of your country) made without any substantial (real) evidence; named after U.S. Senator Joe McCarthy who conducted public hearings on communism during the 1950s. |
| Hollywood 10 | directors who refused to testify before HUAC. |
| NATO | The United States and 11 other nations establish the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), a mutual defense pact aimed at containing possible Soviet aggression against Western Europe. |
| United Nations | an organization of independent states formed in 1945 to promote international peace and security. |
| space race | competition between the U.S. and USSR to be the first to develop the technology to land on the moon and implement a successful moon landing. |
| Nationalization | process by which a country’s government takes over a private business or industry |
| ICBM | a.k.a. Intercontinental Ballistic Missile; a nuclear missile that can travel from one continent to another. |
| Litigation | process of bringing a case into court to argue before a judge or jury |
| Lobbying | trying to get legislators to vote for or against a motion/measure. |
| civil defense measures | Preparations included public nuclear bomb shelters, warning sirens and mass media ed., air raid drills in schools, and encourage private citizens to build private bomb shelters. |
| Diner’s Card | 1st credit card |
| To maintain peace | Why was the United Nations created? |
| Law passed by Congress to increase math, science, & foreign languages in schools to help U.S. compete in the space race. | Why was the National Defense Education Act passed by Congress? |
| Greece and Turkey | In what two countries was the Truman Doctrine first applied? |
| 1948 Presidential Election | In which election did political pollsters and newspaper publishers learn a valuable lesson? |
| Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, the United Kingdom, and the United States. | What nations belonged to NATO? |
| Truman | Which president first used the policy of containment? |
| Eisenhower | Which president first used the policy of brinksmanship? |
| Central Intelligence Agency, charged with coordinating intelligence activities and correlating, evaluating and disseminating intelligence affecting national security. | Why was the CIA formed and what is its job? |
| Urban League and NAACP | What two organizations became very active in civil rights during the 1950s? |
Created by:
mbk0585
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