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Terms List 2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Pequot War | 1637 The Bay colonists wanted to claim Connecticut for themselves but it belonged to the Pequot. The colonists burned down their village and 400 were killed. |
| Fundamental Orders | The constitution of the Connecticut River colony drawn up in 1639, it established a government controlled in democratic style by the "substantial" citizens. first written constitution in the colonies Quakers |
| The Great Experiment | nickname given to the settling of North America and establishing of the United States of America |
| Jeremiads | Type of sermon designed to combat the decline in religious devotion of second-generation settlers - focused on the teachings of Jeremiah |
| Halfway Covenant | A Puritan church document; In 1662, the Halfway Covenant allowed partial membership rights to persons not yet converted into the Puritan church; It lessened the difference between the "elect" members of the church from the regular members |
| Salem Witch trials | Several accusations of witchcraft led to sensational trials in Salem, Massachusetts at which Cotton Mather presided as the chief judge. 18 people were hanged as witches. |
| Colonial Universities | Harvard was first created. Several universities created to train religious ministers, lawyers and other elites. |
| Bacon's Rebellion | 1676 - Nathaniel Bacon led an army of Virginia settlers that were angry at Governor Berkley for trying to appease the Indians after attacks. Ended when Bacon died of illness. |
| Sir William Berkeley | the royal governor of Virginia. Adopted policies that favored large planters and neglected the needs of recent settlers in the 'backcountry.' His shortcomings led to Bacon's Rebellion |
| Tidewater Gentry | The elite who lived on the coastal plains. They would also be the planter elite. |
| Maryland-Lord Baltimore | Lord Baltimore, a Catholic noble, founded Maryland in 1634 and Maryland became a haven for Catholics (Toleration Act) |
| Act of Toleration | Maryland law that forbade religious persecution |
| New England Confederation | Weak union of the colonies in Massachusetts and Connecticut led by Puritans for the purposes of defense and organization, an early attempt at self-government during the benign neglect of the English Civil War. |
| Dominion of New England | An administrative body created by King James II that oversaw British colonies in the New England region *Put in place to implement the Navigation Acts and to assist the colonies in defending themselves against hostile French and Native American forces |
| Sir Edmund Andros | Governor of the Dominion of New England from 1686 until 1692, when the colonists rebelled and forced him to return to England |
| Glorious Revolution | A reference to the political events of 1688-1689, when James II abdicated his throne and was replaced by his daughter Mary and her husband, Prince William of Orange. |
| King Phillips War | The last significant effort by the Indians of southern New England to drive away English settlers. The Indians were led by Metacom, the Pokunoket chief whom English setters called "King Philip." |
| Navigation Acts | Laws that governed trade between England and its colonies. Colonists were required to ship certain products exclusively to England. |
| Mercantilism | An economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by selling more goods than they bought |
| Salutary Neglect | An English policy of not strictly enforcing laws in its colonies |
| Slavery in Colonies | There was a need for cheap laborers to grow cash crops. This encouraged white settlers to use African slaves |
| Triangular Trade | A three way system of trade during 1600-1800s Africa sent slaves to America, America sent Raw Materials to Europe, and Europe sent Guns and Rum to Africa |
| Peter Stuyvesant and New Netherland | served as the last governor of the Dutch colony of New Netherland and tried to fight off a threatening British fleet but eventually lost the colony to the English, where it was renamed New York. |
| 1st Great awakening | Spectacular, emotional religious revival of the 1730s and 1740s. This event saw an increase in religious sects in the colonies. |
| Jonathan Edwards | Preacher during the First Great Awakening; "Sinners in the hands of angry god" |
| George Whitefield | Credited with starting the Great Awakening, also a leader of the "New Lights." |
| Old Lights-New Lights | Two groups of ministries who had heated debates on the issue of God during the Great Awakening. The Old Lights rejected the Great Awakening and the New Lights, who accepted it and sometimes suffered persecution because of their religious fervor. |
| John Peter Zenger | A New York editor whose trial for seditious libel backfired on the government; the jury found that truth was a defense for libel. big win for freedom of the press |
| Crevecoeur | In Letters of an American Farmer, he praised life in America and, for the first time, explained what it meant to be an American. |
| Leisler's Rebellion | Jacob ________ seized control of lower New York from 1689 to 1691. The uprising, reflected colonial resentment against the policies of King James II. Royal authority was restored in 1691 by British troops |
| Sectarian-nonsectarian | Schools that existed to promote the doctrines of a particular religious sect (Harvard, Yale, William and Mary) the one nonsectarian college was College of Philadelphia (University of Penn) - Ben Franklin |
| John Copley | American painter who did portraits of Paul Revere and John Hancock before fleeing to England to avoid the American Revolution (1738-1815) |
| Benjamin Franklin | Printer, author, inventor, diplomat, statesman, and Founding Father. One of the few Americans who was highly respected in Europe, primarily due to his discoveries in the field of electricity. |
| Regulator Movement | It was a movement during the 1760's by western North Carolinians, mainly Scots-Irish, that resented the way that the Eastern part of the state dominated political affairs. TMany of its members joined the American Revolutionists. |
| Quakers | English dissenters who broke from the Church of England, preached a doctrine of pacifism, inner divinity, and social equity, under William Penn they founded Pennsylvania. |
| William Penn | A quaker that founded Pennsylvania to establish a place where his people and others could live in peace and be free from persecution. |
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