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Government Final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the difference between prospective and retrospective voting? | - Prospective: vote for candidates on the basis of the candidates' current positions on issues - Retrospective: vote for candidates based on past actions & success - i.e. - the economy has been doing well |
| What is a party platform and when is it developed? | - Document listing political beliefs & goals with a clear plan - Developed during primary season before national convention |
| Why are third political parties important? What usually happens to their ideas? | - Advocate for needed change - Don’t win elections but the ideas later are adopted by the major political parties & become laws |
| What is the electoral college and what part of the nation is gaining more electoral votes in recent years? | - Every state gets a certain number of electors based on the population (10 year census) to vote for President - Southeast is gaining more electoral votes - Florida, Carolinas & Georgia |
| What is the key difference between interest groups and political parties? | Most major political parties, unlike some major interest groups, cannot survive if based on a single issue. |
| Define interest group: | Group of people seeking to influence public policy based on their common concerns/objectives |
| What are the roles/goals of interest groups? List four: | - Influence politics & public opinion - Inform/Educate the public - Lobby to change policies and/or create laws - Mobilize voters |
| Define libel: | Defamation - purposely publishing false information to damage someone’s reputation (hard to prove in court!) |
| Define Prior restraint: | When the govt prevents the publication of sensitive information or materials (censorship) |
| NY Times v. United States (1971): | Pentagon Papers were published - NY Times won the case (national security vs. the need of the public to be well-informed) |
| NY Times v. Sullivan (1964): | Supreme Court ruled that newspapers can criticize govt. officials |
| Why is the second amendment open to interpretation and lends itself to public debate? | Right to bear arms is not specific - What is considered a protected “arm” - What weapons are too dangerous? |
| Why has the Supreme Court been unable to stop KKK marches & demonstrations? | - They have the right to “peacefully/peaceably” assemble - as long as it’s not violent, it is OK - The fear of violent clashes or harsh words is not enough to stop an event! |
| Interest groups, political parties and protests are all protected by the right to________________ in the ______________ amendment. | Assembly; 1st |
| What was the significance of “clear and present danger” in the Supreme Court case Schenck v. United States? | - Clear & present danger involves the 1st amendment right to free speech - Impact - You cannot say things that endanger large crowds in public |
| Why has the 8th amendment led to controversy and debate in the United States? What two punishments have been debated as “cruel & unusual”? | - What is considered cruel & unusual punishments (some states allow the death penalty while others don’t) - The death penalty & juvenile death penalty may be considered cruel and unusual |
| What is the Miranda Warning and how does it protect alleged criminals? | - Right to remain silent, protection against self-incrimination, right to attorney, right to free attorney when being interrogated, right to understand these rights - Prevents unjust police interrogation |
| Define habeas corpus: | You must be made aware of the charges upon incarceration |
| Define eminent domain: | The govt. cannot take your private property without “just compensation” (i.e. - building a highway, schools, etc.) |
| Define exclusionary rule: | Evidence cannot be used in court if it was obtained illegally |
| Supreme Court ruling & Amendment for: Engle v. Vitale | - 1st (freedom of religion) - Student cannot be forced to say prayer in school |
| Supreme Court ruling & Amendment for: Gideon v. Wainwright | - 14th (due process) - Right to an attorney for criminal defendants in federal & state courts |
| Supreme Court ruling & Amendment for: Mapp v. Ohio | - 4th (search & seizure) - Evidence was obtained illegally and therefore cannot be used (you need a search warrant or probable cause) |
| Supreme Court ruling & Amendment for: NJ v. T.L.O. | - 4th (search & seizure) - Students may be searched by a school official if there is a probable cause |
| Define the 4th Amendment: | Protection against search of your person/property/papers/belongings without a warrant or probable cause; warrants must be specific |
| Define the 5th Amendment: | Right to Grand Jury; no double jeopardy; protection against self-incrimination; entitlement to due process, cannot be deprived of life/liberty/property; property cannot be taken without just compensation |
| Define the 6th Amendment: | Speedy public trial; impartial jury; right to know accusations; right to own witnesses; right to attorney |
| Define the 8th Amendment: | No cruel & unusual punishment or excessive bail |
| How did the 15th Amendment expand voting rights? | Voting for African American men |
| How did the 19th Amendment expand voting rights? | Women’s suffrage |
| How did the 24th Amendment expand voting rights? | No poll taxes |
| How did the 26th Amendment expand voting rights? | Voting age lowered to 18 (Vietnam era) |
| List four measures taken by the South to prevent African American men from voting during the Reconstruction Era. | - Poll taxes - Literacy tests - Grandfather clauses - Violence/Intimidation (ex: KKK) |
| What happened in Schenck v. United States? | Schenck violated the Espionage Act by publishing anti-draft propaganda & encouraging men to burn their draft cards. This endangered national security |
Created by:
Miriel B
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