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AH M6 Review
American History Module 6 Review
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Cold War | Rivalry between the US and the Soviet Union. |
| Truman Doctrine | Truman’s promise to aid nations struggling against communist movements. |
| Marshall Plan | US pledge to provide billions of dollars in relief funds to parts of western Europe after WWII. |
| Containment | Policy to keep communism contained within its existing borders. |
| NATO | North Atlantic Treaty Organization- Alliance between Western European countries and North American nations to combat spread of communism. |
| 38th Parallel | Dividing line between communist North Korea and democratic South Korea. |
| Brinksmanship | Practice of approaching the “brink” of war before actually committing troops. |
| Red Scare | Fear of communist takeover in the US. |
| HUAC | House Un-American Activities Committee- formed to investigate possible communist activity in the US. |
| McCarthyism | US senator’s brand of anti-communism; became a phrase for extreme, reckless charges. |
| Domino Theory | Theory that if Vietnam fell to communism, the entire region would fall also. |
| Gulf of Tonkin Resolution | Authorized the president to take “all necessary powers” to combat anti-democratic forces. |
| Vietcong | Vietnamese guerilla fighters. |
| Tet Offensive | Vietnamese assault on numerous cities, including the US embassy. |
| Vietnamization | Gradual withdrawal of US forces from the Vietnam conflict. |
| Pentagon Papers | Leaked classified information about America’s involvement in Vietnam. |
| Detente | Policy aimed at easing Cold War tensions. |
| War Powers Act | Legislation that would restrict the President’s war making powers. |
| GI Bill of Rights | Bill providing a variety of veteran benefits, most notably, tuition assistance to return to college. |
| Baby Boom | Population spike just after the end of WW2 as veterans married and started families. |
| Taft Hartley Act | Law forbidding companies from only hiring union workers. |
| Interstate Highway Act | US legislation that authorized the building of thousands of miles of interstate. |
| Sunbelt | Name given to Southern and Western states, referring to the population shift of the 1950s to this area. |
| Service Sector | Businesses that provide a service; referring to American shift from blue collar to white collar jobs. |
| Consumerism | Act of buying as much as possible, much of it on credit. |
| Elvis Presley | Known as the “King” of rock and roll; ushered in a new era of music. |
| Benjamin Spock | Child rearing expert focused on helping parents nurture their young children. |
| Beatnik | Small group of writers and artists that were very vocal in their criticism of American consumerism and way of life. |
| Brown v. Board of Education | Challenged the “separate but equal” clause of Plessy v Ferguson; segregated public education violated the US Constitution. |
| Montgomery Bus Boycott | Rosa Parks launched this movement to avoid riding buses in Montgomery, Alabama in order to protest segregated buses. |
| March on Washington | Demonstration in Washington DC organized by major civil rights groups to encourage the passage of a civil rights bill. |
| Civil Rights Act of 1964 | Banned segregation in public places, outlawed discrimination in employment based on race, color, sex, or national origin. |
| Voting Rights Act | Banned literacy tests and allowed the federal government to monitor voting registration and elections. |
| Black Power | Coined by Stokely Carmichael, a phrase used to urge black people to use their economic and political muscle to fight for equality. |
| Cuban Missile Crisis | Cold War standoff between the US and Cuba. |
| New Frontier | President Kennedy’s domestic policy promising to improve the economy, education, healthcare, and civil rights. |
| Great Society | President Johnson’s domestic policy, including the creation of Medicare and Medicaid. |
| Counterculture | Values that ran counter to mainstream culture. |
| Roe v Wade | Assured women the right to legal abortions. |
| Cesar Chavez | Latino activist fighting for farm laborer rights. |
| Rachel Carson | Author of “Silent Spring”, which foretold the negative effects on the environment because of human actions. |
| Billy Graham | Popular conservative religious leader who reached millions of Americans through radio and television. |
| Religious Right | A group of various religious followers who supported traditional values while criticizing liberal laws like abortion. |
| Reagan Coalition | Conservative republicans and democrats who worked together to elect Reagan in 1980. |
| Moral Majority | Group founded by Jerry Falwell in 1979 who raised funds to oust liberal office holders from government positions. |
| Supply-Side Economics | Theory that tax cuts for the wealthy would lead to increased spending which would provide a spark to the economy overall. |
| Iran-Contra Affair | Government officials under Reagan secretly sold arms to Iran for the release of American hostages. Money made on the deal was used to fund a group of fighters in Nicaragua who were at war against a soviet government. Both actions were illegal and Reagan denied knowing anything about it. |
| Glasnost | A policy introduced by Gorbachev to open the Soviet Union to western influence. |
| Perestroika | Gorbachev’s approach to reform the Soviet economy and political system. |
| Mikhail Gorbachev | President of the Soviet Union who worked with Reagan to bring an end to the Cold War. |
| Sandra Day O’Connor | Appointed by Reagan to serve as the first female justice on the Supreme Court. |
| Globalization | Process by which national economics, politics, cultures, and societies become integrated with those of other nations. |
| Multinational Corporation | A company that might have its headquarters in one nation, but manufacturing plants in several others. |
| Personal Computer | Small devices that could perform a range of digital functions. |
| Biotechnology | Application of technology to solving problems affecting living organisms. |
| Internet | Linking computer system together via cables and satellites; the World Wide Web. |
| European Union | 1993 agreement among many European nations to coordinate monetary and economic policies. |
| NAFTA | North American Free Trade Agreement. Treaty between US, Mexico, and Canada to limit tariffs in order to increase trading between the three nations. |
| Al Qaeda | A militant Islamic group originally founded by Osama Bin Laden. |
| Bush v Gore | In the election of 2000, Democrats sued Republicans over vote recounts in Florida. The Supreme Court ruled to stop the recount in favor of George Bush. |
| Taliban | A fundamentalist Muslim group that ruled Afghanistan in he last 21st century. |
| Patriot Act | Law passed after September 11 that gives law enforcement broader powers to monitor suspected terrorists and detain or deport aliens who were associated with terrorist groups. |
| Great Recession | Sharp decline in economic activity in the late 2000s. |
Created by:
dmcsorley13
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