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AH M2 Review
American History Module 2 Review
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Embargo Act of 1807 | Pushed through by President Jefferson, forbade trade with all foreign nations. |
| McCulloch v Maryland | Supreme court case that involved the implied powers of Congress to create a national bank; reinforced supremacy clause. |
| Tecumseh | Native American leader who stepped forward to band the nations together in support of the British in the War of 1812. |
| Henry Clay | Native American leader who stepped forward to band the nations together in support of the British in the War of 1812. |
| Monroe Doctrine | Cornerstone of U.S. Foreign Policy enunciated by President Monroe in his annual message to Congress. |
| Market Revolution | In the 1820s & 1830s, factories and mass production increasingly displaced independent artisans. |
| Division of Labor | Separation of a work process into a number of tasks, with each task performed by a separate person or group of persons. |
| Waltham-Lowell System | Innovative labor program utilizing farm girls and young women came to work in the textile factory while housed in boarding houses. |
| Samuel Slater | Founder of the American cotton-textile industry. |
| Eli Whitney | Inventor, mechanical engineer, and manufacturer who is best remembered for inventing the Cotton Gin. |
| Cyrus McCormick | American industrialist and inventor who is credited with the development of the mechanical reaper. |
| John Deere | American inventor & manufacturer of agricultural implements. |
| American System | The policy of promoting industry in the U.S. by adoption of a high protective tariff and of developing internal improvements by the federal government. |
| Underground Railroad | A system existing before the civil war by which escaped slaves from the south were secretly helped, in defiance of the Fugitive Slave Acts, to reach places of safety. |
| Second Great Awakening | Religious movement that highlighted the power of the individual and a desire to lead a pure life. |
| Temperance | Movement to educate society on the evils of alcohol and how it could lead to an impure life. |
| Transcendentalism | Philosophical and literary movement that focused on living in harmony with nature, live simply, and finding truth in one’s own personal thoughts. |
| Utopias | Communities in the United States during the reform movement that attempted to build the ideal way of life. |
| Mormonism | Religious faith created during the reform movement. It was founded in 1830 by Joseph Smith but found a more permanent home in Utah under the leadership of Brigham Young. It is an example of an early Utopian society. |
| Abolitionism | A reform movement during the early 1800’s to end slavery for good. |
| Dorothea Dix | Led the reform movement to improve the prison system and worked for equal rights of the mentally ill. |
| Elizabeth Cady Stanton | Reform thinker who fought for the equal rights of women, abolition of slavery, and the temperance movement. Her efforts led to the expansion of married women's property laws which allowed women to own land and enter into contracts regarding property. |
| Susan B. Anthony | Reform thinker who fought fought for the right for women to vote, the abolishment of slavery, and the success of the temperance movement. |
| Seneca Falls Convention | Meeting held in 1848 that would promote ideas to change legislation which would promote women's rights. |
| American Colonization Society | Organization founded by mostly white men, and attempted to establish a system to transport freeborn blacks and freed slaves to Africa. |
| Nat Turner | Slave who led a revolt in Virginia in 1831. This rebellion was a fight for freedom which sent shock waves through the south which increased the stranglehold on slaves in southern states. |
| Corrupt Bargain | Term used by Jackson supporters to describe Henry Clay’s appointment to secretary of state after John Q. Adams was voted President by the House of Representatives. |
| States Rights | Idea championed by John C. Calhoun that any state had the right to make its own decisions. |
| Nullification Crisis | South Carolina threatened to leave the Union if the tariffs of 1828 and 1832 were not removed. The conflict was resolved with a compromise from Henry Clay to lower tariffs over a ten year period. |
| Battle over the 2nd Bank of US | Bank of the United States which Andrew Jackson felt placed too much power in the hands of the wealthy elite. He removed federal deposits from the bank, forcing its failure by the early 1840’s. |
| Indian Removal Act of 1830 | Authorized the President to grant western lands to Indians in exchange for their more desirable lands in the east. When a small number of people agreed, federal troops were sent in to acquire most of the tribal lands. |
| Trail of Tears | Forced relocation of American Indian tribes as a result of the Indian Removal act of 1830. |
| Andrew Jackson | Seventh President of the United States. He was a military hero and referred to as “Old Hickory”. |
| John C. Calhoun | Champion for states rights, supported the idea of nullification. |
| Spoils System | When one political party rewards its supporters with government jobs. The term is associated with Andrew Jackson’s time in office. |
| Tariff of Abominations | Tax in 1828 that raised rates on manufactured goods which protected the northern states and made it harder for southerners to afford imported goods. |
| Whigs | Party created in opposition to Andrew Jackson and the ideology of “King Andrew Jackson”. |
| Election of 1844 | Presidential election won by James K. Polk. |
| Erie Canal | Project to link the Hudson river to Lake Erie, causing New York City to become a major economic center on the east coast. |
| Internal Improvements | Proposed by Henry Clay's “American System” to focus on infrastructure like canals, railroads, roads, and harbors. |
| Manifest Destiny | The belief that the United States had a divine right to control the lands from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean. |
| Missouri Compromise | Added new states to the Union. Missouri was added and allowed slavery while Maine was added as a free state. The compromise also declared that future territories settled north of Missouri’s border would ban slavery. |
| James K. Polk | 11th President of the United States who promoted westward expansion. |
| Oregon Treaty | Settlement between the U.S. and Great Britain over the northwest territory or Oregon. Established the 49th parallel as the formal border between the land occupied by the two sides. |
| Oregon Trail | Route between Missouri and Oregon that became one of two main routes to the American West. |
| Brigham Young | Mormon leader who proposed the trek to settle near the Great Salt Lake in search for religious freedom. |
| Texas | Declared independence from Mexico in 1836, and demanded annexation by the United States. |
Created by:
dmcsorley13
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