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Jackson Vocabulary
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Election of 1824 | Election between Adams, Clay, Jackson, Crawford; House of Representatives chose the winner; No candidate received a majority of the votes |
Election of 1828 | Rematch between Jackson and Adams; Jackson elected the 7th president |
Electoral Vote | Number of votes that determines the president; Must be a majority or one more than half |
Corrupt Bargain | Agreement between John Quincy Adams and Henry Clay in which Adams won the Election of 1824; Clay became his Secretary of State |
John Quincy Adams | Monroe's Secretary of State; 6th US president, winner of the Election of 1824 |
Henry Clay | John Quincy Adams' Secretary of State; Worked out a compromise tariff in 1832; Leader of the Whig Party |
Andrew Jackson | Represented the common man and considered the "People's President" |
Andrew Jackson | 7th President; From Tennessee; winner of the Election of 1828; Served two terms |
Gibbons v. Ogden | Court Case in which John Marshall ruled only the Federal gov't has the power to regulate interstate commerce |
McCulloch v. Maryland | Court case in which Marshall ruled a national bank was constitutional and that a state could not tax the bank |
Supremacy Clause | Part of the Constitution that states the Constitution is the supreme law of the land; Makes the Federal gov't more powerful than the states |
Necessary and Proper | Clause of the Constitution that says Congress can do anything it needs to carry out its power |
Worcester v. Georgia | Court case in which the Cherokee won the right to stay on their land |
Interstate Commerce | Trade between the states |
Implied Powers | Powers not specifically given to Congress; Part of the necessary and proper clause |
Federalism | Principle in which power is shared between a national gov't and state gov'ts |
Reinforce | To strengthen or support with additional material |
Electoral College | Group that chooses the president of the United States |
Electors | A member of the Electoral College |
House of Representatives | Part of Congress that impeaches the president, passes revenue bills and chooses the president if no candidate gets a majority of electoral votes |
John C. Calhoun | Jackson's first vice-president but resigned; Argues in favor of states' rights; From South Carolina |
Ensure | To make certain that something will happen |
Popular Vote | The number of people that vote for a presidential candidate; Doesn't directly choose the president |
Tariff | Tax on imported goods; Favored by the North; Opposed by the South |
Nullification Crisis | Situation in Jackson's presidency when South Carolina refused to follow the Tariff of 1828; Resolved by Henry Clay |
States' Rights | The doctrine that states have certain powers not listed in the Constitution (i.g. Nullify, secede) |
Tariff of Abominations | Highest tariff in US history; 1828; Caused the Nullification Crisis when South Carolina refused to pay it |
Indian Territory | Located in modern-day Oklahoma, where reservations for natives were established |
Cherokee | Native tribe from TN, GA, and SC; Had an alphabet, newspaper, and sued the gov't to stay on their land |
Seminole | Native tribe from Florida that fought for removal by fighting a war |
John Marshall | Federalist and presided over McCulloch v. Maryland and Gibbons v. Ogden |
James McCulloch | Clerk of the Maryland branch of the Bank of the United States; Got sued when he refused to pay Maryland's tax |
Sequoya | Native American that developed a system of writing for the Cherokee |
Trail of Tears | The forced removal of the Cherokee, Chickasaw, and Choctaw to modern-day Oklahoma; nearly 1/4 of them died along the way |
Jacksonian Democrats | Political Party formed to support the common man and Andrew Jackson's policies |
Jacksonian Democracy | The idea of getting more of the common man involved in the gov't whether through voting or holding office |
Whigs | Political party that was formed to oppose the policies of Andrew Jackson and the Democrats |
Nicholas Biddle | President of the Second Bank of the United States; Political enemy of Andrew Jackson |
Martin Van Buren | President Jackson's second vice-president; elected 10th US president; Organized the Democratic Party |
Second Bank of the United States | Granted twenty year charter in 1811; Vetoed and "killed" by President Jackson when its funds were removed |
Veto | The president's power to cancel a bill passed by Congress |
Dismantle | To take something apart |
Suffrage | The Right to Vote |
Caucus System | Process by which more of the common man select candidates for president |
Spoils System | The process of rewarding political supporters with gov't jobs |
Panic of 1837 | Economic depression that happened during Martin Van Buren's presidency |
William Henry Harrison | 9th US president; Whig Party; Tried to portray himself as the common man |
Repeal | To remove or take away a law that has been passed |
Indian Removal Act | Law that required the Cherokee, Choctaw, Chickasaw, Creek, and Seminole to move to Indian Territory in modern-day Oklahoma |
Nullify | To declare a law passed by Congress to be null and void; To cancel out |
Nullification | The process of a state declaring a law to be void |
Secede | To withdraw or leave a country |
Adams-Onis Treaty | An agreement between the US and Spain that gave Florida to the US |
Appeal | To make a serious request, usually to the public |