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Jackson Vocabulary
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Election of 1824 | election between Adams, Clay, Jackson, Crawford; House of Representatives chose the winner; no candidate received a majority of the votes |
Election of 1828 | rematch between Jackson and Adams; Jackson elected the 7th president |
Electoral vote | Number of votes that determines the president; must be a majority or one more than half |
Corrupt Bargain | agreement between John Quincy Adams and Henry Clay in which Adams won the Election of 1824; Clay then became his Secretary of State |
John Quincy Adams | Monroe's Secretary of State; 6th US president, winner of the Election of 1824 |
Henry Clay | John Quincy Adams’ Secretary of State; worked out a compromise tariff in 1832; leader of the Whig Party |
Andrew Jackson | represented the common man and considered the “People’s President” |
Andrew Jackson | 7th President; from Tennessee; winner of the Election of 1828; served two terms |
Gibbons v. Ogden | court case in which John Marshall ruled only the federal government has the power to regulate interstate commerce |
McCulloch v. Maryland | court case in which Marshall ruled a national bank was constitutional and that a state could not tax the bank |
Supremacy Clause | Part of the Constitution that states the Constitution is the supreme law of the land; makes the federal government more powerful than the states |
Necessary and Proper | Clause of the Constitution that says Congress can do anything it needs to to carry out its powers |
Worcester v. Georgia | court case in which the Cherokee won the right to stay on their land |
Interstate Commerce | trade between the states |
Implied powers | powers not specifically given to Congress; part of the necessary and proper clause |
Federalism | Principle in which power is shared between a national government and state governments |
Reinforce | to strengthen or support with additional material |
Electoral college | group that chooses the president of the United States |
Electors | a member of the Electoral college |
Supreme Court | highest court in the United States; 9 justices including a Chief Justice |
House of Representatives | part of Congress that impeaches the president, passes revenue bills and chooses the president if no candidate gets a majority of electoral votes |
John C. Calhoun | Jackson’s first vice-president but resigned; argued in favor of states’ rights; from South Carolina |
Ensure | to make certain that something will happen |
Popular vote | the number of people that vote for a presidential candidate; doesn’t directly choose the president |
Tariff | tax on imported goods; favored by the North; opposed by the South |
Nullification Crisis | Situation in Jackson’s presidency when South Carolina refused to follow the Tariff of 1828; resolved by Henry Clay |
States' rights | the doctrine that states have certain powers not listed in the Constitution (i.g. Nullify, secede) |
Tariff of Abominations | highest tariff in US history; 1828; caused the Nullification Crisis when South Carolina refused to pay it |
Indian Territory | located in modern-day Oklahoma, where reservations for natives were established |
Cherokee | native tribe from TN, GA and SC; had an alphabet, newspaper and sued the government to stay on their land |
Seminole | native tribe from Florida that fought removal by fighting a war |
John Marshall | Federalist and presided over McCulloch v. Maryland and Gibbons v. Ogden |
James McCulloch | clerk of the Maryland branch of the Bank of the United States; got sued when he refused to pay Maryland’s tax |
Sequoya | Native American that developed a system of writing for the Cherokee |
Trail of Tears | The forced removal of the Cherokee, Chickasaw and Choctaw to modern-day Oklahoma; nearly 25% of them died along the way |
Jacksonian Democrats | political party formed to support the common man and Andrew Jackson’s policies |
Jacksonian Democracy | the idea of getting more of the common man involved in the government whether through voting or holding office |
Whigs | political party that was formed to oppose the policies of Andrew Jackson and the Democrats |
Nicholas Biddle | president of the Second Bank of the United States; political enemy of Andrew Jackson |
Martin Van Buren | President Jackson’s second vice-president; elected 10th US president; organized the Democratic Party |
Second Bank of the United States | granted a twenty year charter in 1811; vetoed and “killed” by President Jackson when its funds were removed |
Veto | the president’s power to cancel a bill passed by Congress |
Dismantle | to take something apart |
Suffrage | The Right to Vote |
Caucus System | Process by which more of the common man selects candidates for president |
Spoils system | the process of rewarding political supporters with government jobs |
Panic of 1837 | economic depression that happened during Martin Van Buren’s presidency |
William Henry Harrison | 9th US president; Whig Party; tried to portray himself as the common man |
Repeal | to remove or take away a law that has been passed |
Indian Removal Act | Law that required the Cherokee, Choctaw, Chickasaw, Creek and Seminole to move to Indian Territory in modern-day Oklahoma |
Nullify | to declare a law passed by Congress to be null and void; to cancel out |
Nullification | the process of a state declaring a law to be void |
Secede | to withdraw or leave a country |
Adams-Onis Treaty | an agreement between the US and Spain that gave Florida to the US |
appeal | to make a serious request, usually to the public |