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Unit 8 Vocab
Andrew Jackson's Presidency
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Election of 1824 | Election between Adams, Clay, Jackson, Crawford; House of Representatives chose the winner; no candidate received a majority of votes |
| Election of 1828 | Rematch between Jackson and Adams; Jackson elected the 7th president |
| Electoral Vote | Number of votes that determines the president; must be a majority or one more than half |
| Corrupt Bargain | Agreement between John Quincy Adams and Henry Clay in which Adams won the Election of 1824; Clay then became his Secretary of State |
| John Quincy Adams | Monroe's Secretary of State, 6th US president, winner of the Election of 1824 |
| Henry Clay | John Quincy Adams' Secretary of State; worked out a compromise tariff in 1832; leader of the Whig Party |
| Andrew Jackson | Represented the common man and considered the "People's President" |
| Gibbons vs Ogden | Court case in which John Marshall ruled on the federal government has the power to regulate interstate commerce |
| McCullouch vs Maryland | Court case in which Marshall ruled a nation band was constitutional and that a state could not tax the bank |
| Supremacy Clause | Part of the Constitution that states the Constitution is the supreme law of he land; makes the federal government more powerful than the states |
| Necessary and Proper Clause | Clause of the Constitution that says Congress can do anything it needs to carry out its powers |
| Worcester vs. Georgia | Court case in which the Cherokee won the right to stay on their land |
| Interstate Commerce | Trade between the states |
| Implied Powers | Powers not specifically given to Congress; part of the necessary and proper clause |
| Federalism | Principle in which power is shared between a national government and state governments |
| Reinforce | To strength or support with additional material |
| Electoral College | Group that chooses the president of the US |
| Electors | A member of the Electoral college |
| Supreme Court | Highest court in the US; 9 justices including a Chief Justice |
| House of Representatives | Part of Congress that impeaches the president, passes revenue bills and chooses the president if no candidate gets a majority of electoral votes |
| John C. Calhoun | Jackson's first vice-president but resigned; argued in favor of states' rights; from SC |
| Ensure | To make certain that something will hapen |
| Popular Vote | The number of people that vote for a presidential candidate; doesn't directly choose the president |
| Tariff | Tax on imported goods; favored bu the North and opposed by the South |
| Nullification Crisis | Situation in Jackson's presidency when SC refused to follow the Tariff of 1828; resolved by Henry Clay |
| States' Rights | The doctrine that states have certain powers not listed in the Constitution (i.g. Nullify, secede) |
| Tariff of Abominations | Highest tariff in US history; 1828; caused the Nullification Crisis when SC refused to pay it |
| Indian Territory | Located in modern-day Oklahoma, where reservations from natives were established |
| Cherokee | Native tribes from TN, GA and SC; had an alphabet, newspaper and sued the government to stay on their land |
| Seminole | Native tribe from FL that fought removal by fighting a war |
| John Marshall | Federalist and presided over McCulloch vs Maryland and Gibbons vs Ogden |
| James McCulloch | Clerk of the Maryland branch of the Bank of the US; got sued when he refused to pay MD's tax |
| Sequoya | Native American that developed a system of writing for the Cherokee |
| Trail of Tears | The forced removal of the Cherokee, Chickasaw, and Choctaw to modern-day Oklahoma; nearly 1/4 of the died along the way |
| Jacksonian Democrats | Political party formed to support the common man and Andrew Jackson's policies |
| Jacksonian Democracy | The idea of getting more of the common involved in the government whether through voting or holding office |
| Whigs | Political party that was formed to oppose the policies of Andrew Jackson and the Democrats |
| Nicholas Biddle | President of the Second Bank of the US; political enemy of Andrew Jackson |
| Martin Van Buren | President Jackson's second vice-president; elected 10th US president' organized the Democratic Party |
| Second Bank of the US | Granted 20 year charter in 1811; vetoed and "killed" by President Jackson when its funds were removed |
| Veto | The president's power to cancel a bill passed by Congress |
| Dismantle | To take something apart |
| Suffrage | The right to vote |
| Caucus System | Process by which more of the common man select candidates for presiden |
| Spoil System | The process of rewarding political supporters wit government jobs |
| Panic of 1837 | Economic depression that happened during Martin Van Burens' presidency |
| William Henry Harrison | 9th US president; Whig Party; tried to portray himself as the common man |
| Repeal | To remove or take away a law that has been passed |
| Indian Removal Act | Law that required the Cherokee, Choctaw, Chickasaw, Creek, and Seminole to move to Indian Territory in modern-day Oklahoma |
| Nullify | To declare a law passe by Congress to be null and void; to cancel out |
| ullificaiton | The process of a state declaring a law to be void |
| Secede | To withdraw or leave a country |
| Adams-Onis Treaty | An agreement between the US and Spain that gave FL to the US |
| Appeal | To make a serious request, usually to the public |
| Andrew Jackson | 7th president; from Tennessee; winner of the Election of 1828; served two terms |
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