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real final review
sociology
| Comte | father of sociology |
| Spencer | survival of the fittest // social darwinism |
| Marx | all issues are related to class conflict // bourgeoisie & proletariat |
| Durkheim | social integration related to suicide rates |
| Weber | religion was root of society // protestant work ethic |
| WEB DuBois | race was core of society // founded NAACP |
| Martineau | believed sociology should help society // focus was on social and economic equality |
| latent dysfunction | unintended and didn't help |
| What is the term Comte came up with to apply the scientific method to study? | positivism |
| This theory uses power and struggles to understand society | conflict theory |
| Which theory explains that mostly everything is socially constructed? | symbolic interactionism |
| 3 ways sociology was developed as a science | scientific method, imperialism, industrial revolution |
| anthropology | science dealing with the origin, races, customs, tools, and beliefs of humankind |
| What is Functional Analysis? | society has interrelated parts that work together to form a sense of equilibrium |
| definition of culture? | the language, beliefs, values, norms, behaviors, and objects that are passed down from one generation to the next |
| what is a culture war? and an example | battle between ideas - abortion |
| example of non-material vs. material culture of amish | material: clothing, beards, horse & buggy non-material: horse & buggy symbolizes to be slower in life and think about more important things |
| culture shock | the FEELING of disorientation experiences when one comes in contact with something outside of their culture |
| ethnocentric | using your own culture as a way to judge - usually negative |
| cultural relativism | the attempt to understand another culture // adjust lens & have tolerance |
| values | standards by which people define what is good vs. bad |
| norms | expectations/rules of behavior that reflect and enforce values |
| mores (actions) | norms that are strictly enforced bc they are thought to be core-values and good for the well-being of the group // ex. murder & rape |
| taboo (reactions) | norms so strong that they cause a negative response // ex. eating human flesh |
| folkways | norms that aren't strictly enforced |
| positive sanctions | expresses approval for following norms // ex. prize, smiles, trophy |
| negative sanctions | disapproval for breaking norms // ex. mean gestures, getting fired, cussing at you |
| real culture is... | the norms that people can actually attain |
| ideal culture is... | norms that people work to achieve but not always possible |
| what does using values as blinders mean? | not being able to see why someone else isn't able to live by society's norms and expectation |
| subculture | a group who has values that differ from a larger society, but NOT drastically |
| counterculture | a group whose beliefs,values, and related behaviors place its members in opposition to the broader culture |
| degradation ceremony | public shaming or stripping away of what makes us individuals |
| total institution | places that people are cut off from the rest of society and are controlled by others |
| resocialization | the process of learning new norms |
| life course | the socialization we go through from birth to death |
| sandwich generation | 50s-60s people where their kids are out of college and taking care of old parents |
| Mead argued that the most important thing to developing the self was what? | play |
| The Skeels and Dye experiment revealed that love, support, and stimulation can do what; even for the mentally disabled? | increase intelligence/success |
| What is gender socialization? | behaviors and attitudes that society considers proper for males vs. females - society creates what is socially acceptable |
| Who are the 1st to introduce us to blatant and subliminal messages about gender? | parents and family |
| What did Cooley believe regarding how the sense of self is created? | by observing and reacting to how you believe others feel about you |
| Freud argued that what was the balancing force to a personality? | ego |
| what is anticipatory socialization? | preparing for a role before taking it |
| what three things does the looking glass self include? | imagining others, interpreting, developing |
| id | inborn drives that cause us to seek self-gratification // ex. attention, food |
| super ego | culture with us - conscience // feelings of guilt, pride, shame |
| Viewing deviance as an issue that should be diagnosed and medicated, is known as what? | the medicalization of deviance |
| recidivism | prisoners that are put back into jail after being released |
| what is deviance | violations of social norms |
| what does it mean to say that deviance is relative? | depends on social location/socialization |
| conflict perspective on deviance | deviance exists because of power struggles // upper class makes laws to keep lower classes mad at each other and not upper |
| labeling theory on deviance | labels have power because we react to them // everything are/is symbols |
| control theory | the idea that our inner and outer controls help us make choices |
| differential association | theory that believes someone who is brought up in a deviant household, that they are more likely to deviate too |
| Szasz argues that mental illnesses are... | problem behaviors |
| functionalist perspective on deviance | deviance serves a purpose - clarifies norms, makes people unite to help stop deviance, creates change |
| strain theory & 4 list 4 paths | everyone feels pressure to be successful - feel the strainnn // retreatist, ritualism, innovator, rebellion |
| sociobiology perspective on why people deviate | people are born to be more deviant |
| psychology perspective on why people deviate | bc of their personality // subconscious drives people to deviate |
| sociology perspective on why people deviate | deviance comes from outside experiences |
| ethnic work | when people try to show off their ethnicity or recover it // ex. dna tests or flags |
| difference between prejudice and discrimination | prejudice is an attitude & discrimination is unfair treatment |
| 5 ways that dominant group forced themselves to be dominant | genocide, population transfer, internal colonialism, segregation, assimilation, and multiculturalism |
| define what a minority group is | people who are singled out for unequal treatment by members of dominant group // minorities originate with migration and expansion of political boundaries |
| what is a multicultural/pluralistic society | dominant group encourages racial and ethnic variation - minority are able to keep their separate identities, yet participates freely in country's social institutions |
Created by:
beanbean4343
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