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Question | Answer |
---|---|
who won the seven years war? | Britain |
who fought in the seven years war? | Britain, France, and Native Americans |
what is the seven years war also called? | French and Indian War |
what happened during the seven years war? | colonists in the army were treated disrespectfully by british, nearly impossible to rise to ranks, would not acknowledge higher ranks, controlled supply chain |
why was expanding to north america challenging for France? | most resources spent on fighting in Europe |
what was the French and Indian War about? | territory |
who was going to pay for the war? | colonists |
what did colonists begin to do? | traffic with the enemy (French and Spanish) |
what did Benjamin Franklin create during the seven years war and why? | "Join, or Die" to create unity between the colonies |
what happened with the Spanish and French? | Spain was temporality eliminated from Florida and French from Canada |
Pontiac's War | Ottawa natives laid siege to Detroit in the spring of 1763 and eventually overran all but three British posts west of the Appalachians, killing some ten thousand soldiers and settlers |
what is the proclamation line and what is it supposed to do? | prohibited settlement in the area beyond the Appalachians and was supposed to minimize the threat with the Native Americans |
how did the colonists react to the proclamation line? | were angry and defied the proclamation line and went westward |
republicanism | a just society as one in which all citizens willingly subordinated their private, selfish interests to the common good (anti-monarchy) |
radical whigs | feared the threat of liberty posed by the arbitrary power of the monarch and his ministers relative to elected representatives in Parliament |
what did the whigs warn against? | corruption |
mercantilism | a theory that justified their control over their colonies |
what laws did parliament pass to regulate mercantilism system? | navigation laws |
what was there a shortage of in the colonies due to the navigation laws? | currency |
what did the colonists do because of the navigation laws? | smuggle |
how did the colonists feel about the navigation laws? | hated them |
quartering act | a measure that required certain colonists to supply food and quarters for British troops |
sugar act | It increases the duty on foreign sugar imported from the West Indies. |
stamp act | mandated the use of stamped papers or the affixing of stamps, certifying payment of tax |
what was the saying? | "no taxation without representation" |
what were the colonists mad about (taxes)? | not mad about paying the taxes, mad about what the taxes were on (everyday items) and that there was no representation in parliament |
what were stamps required for? | legal documents, including playing cards, pamphlets, newspapers, diplomas, bills of lading, and marriage licenses |
how did the colonists fight back against the acts? | boycotts |
sons and daughters of liberty | took the law into their own hands and enforced the non-importation agreements against violators, often with a generous coat of tar a feathers |
what did some of the tax collectors do? | quit because they did not agree with the taxes |
declaratory act | reaffirmed Parliament’s right “to bind” the colonies “in all cases whatsoever” This caused absolute and unqualified sovereignty over its North American colonies. |
townshend act | new regulations; the most important ones were a light import duty on glass, white lead, paper, paint, and tea |
what would the colonists do to get around the taxes? | smuggling tea and other items |
boston massacre | on March 5, 1770, a crowd of sixty people threw snowballs at the redcoats because they were angry that they killed an eleven-year-old boy in a protest, and this provoked the redcoats and shot into the crowd killing five people and injuring eleven people |
who was the first to die during the boston massacre? | crispus attucks |
who defended the british soldiers? | John Adams |
what was the verdict of the boston massacre trial? | Only two soldiers were found guilty of manslaughter and were released after being branded. |
how did the colonists feel about the parliament and the king? | committee and parliament were corrupt, King George III was a bad ruler, and they were unhappy |
what happened at the boston tea party? | many colonists in boston, dressed as native americans, dumped bricks of tea into the ocean in protest of the taxes |
what happened at the midnight ride? | paul revere, samuel prescott, and william dawes rode around to warn people that the redcoats were coming to concord to take away the weapons that they have hidden |
what happened at lexington? | the first battle in which the colonists and the redcoats fought on their way to concord (shot heard around the world) |
what were the pros for Britain? | fifty thousand soldiers and hired foreign soldiers (hessians), colonists barely had any money, there was inflammation, rebels were badly organized |
what were the pros for the colonists? | there was trouble in ireland and Britain had to send people there as well, the redcoat strategy came from parliament and would take months to get the colonies and by then is was not useful, had great leaders, self-sustaining |