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Social Studies
Unit 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| historian | works with archeologists to learn about the distant past |
| archeologist | studies artifacts and sights to learn about ancient people |
| artifact | an object made by humans; the artifacts tell a story about the first humans in the Americas |
| Asia | most historians and archeologists believe the first Americans came from here |
| Many years ago, _________ and ___________ were connected. | Asia, the Americas |
| migration | people or animals moving from one region or location to another |
| hunter gatherers | people that came and hunted animals and gathered plants for food |
| descendant | a person's child, grandchild, great-grandchild and all the children that follow |
| agriculture | the planting and growing of crops for food |
| Once people learned how to farm, they could stay in________. | one place |
| culture | the way of life of a group of people |
| In October 1492, three ____________________ approached a small island off the coast of North America. | Spanish ships |
| The leader of the Spanish ships was an explorer named __________. | Christopher Columbus |
| Columbus wanted to find a direct route to ___________. | Asia |
| Europeans traded for spices and other goods but only knew _________, ___________ routes to get there. | long, dangerous |
| Columbus believed he reached the _________. | Indies |
| Columbus called the people who lived on the island __________. | Indians |
| encounters | meetings between the two groups that would change the lives of Europeans and Native Americans forever |
| In the 1500's, _________ began to settle the __________. | Europeans, Americas |
| colony | a settlement ruled by another country |
| fort | a military settlement surrounded by walls |
| Europeans built ____________. | forts |
| A fort is a ________ settlement surrounded by walls. | military |
| colonists | people who settle a colony |
| Jamestown | the longest lasting colony; formed in 1607 |
| Virginia | the surrounding area of Jamestown |
| The French settled in ___________ and called it _____________. | Canada, New France |
| Spanish explorers claimed much of the ___________ region. | Southwest |
| By the early 1700's, ___(number)____ English colonies stretched along the ______________. | thirteen, Atlantic Coast |
| European traders brought men and women from __________ to work. | Africa |
| enslaved | a person who is not free |
| Columbus and other explorers brought __________, __________ and more to the Americas. | plants, animals |
| Europe got _________, __________ and vast amounts of gold and other resources. | corn, potatoes |
| Columbian exchange | a giant exchange between Columbus/other explorers from Europe and Native Americans |
| horses | improved work and transportation from everyone in the Americas |
| Europeans brought ___________ that were deadly to the Native Americans. | germs |
| Many thousands of Native Americans died of ________________. | small pox |
| tradition | a belief or custom handed down through generations |
| English colonies wanted to play a role in their government and __________ their own ___________. | make, laws |
| House of Burgesses | created by the colonists of Virginia in 1619 |
| Communities elected representatives to make _________ for the colony. | laws |
| representatives | act on behalf of a group of people |
| Representatives act on ___________ of a group of people. | behalf |
| The House of Burgesses started our tradition of ______________. | self-government |
| timeline | can help you understand sequence |
| sequence | the order of events |
| A timeline shows events and the __________ they occurred. | dates |
| A timeline is divided into __________ units of time. | equal |
| A timeline may be divided into __________, ____________ or even _________. | years, decades, centuries |
| decade | a period of ten years |
| century | one hundred years |
| Each of the 13 colonies was governed by ___________. | Britain |
| Colonists were _________________. | British subjects |
| Independence | freedom from rule of others |
| In 1763, the British won an expensive ward against _________ in North America. | France |
| The British wanted to __________ the colonists to help pay for the war against France. | tax |
| The British passed laws such as the _______________ and the ____________. | Stamp Act, Townsend Act |
| Proclamation of 1763 | drew an imaginary line along the Appalachian mountains |
| The British King said no colonists could live ____________ of the imaginary line drawn by the Proclamation of 1763. | west |
| In 1776, leaders from different colonies met in ___________ to ask Thomas Jefferson to write the ________________. | Philadelphia, Declaration of Independence |
| Declaration of Independence | marks the time when colonies broke free from British rule and became independent |
| The colonists began organizing and planning to fight for ____________. | independence |
| Continental Army | formed by the colonists fighting for independence |
| General George Washington of Virginia | leader of the Continental Army |
| The colonists were successful in __________, __________ battles, but faced a __________ British army and navy. | small, early; strong |
| After a defeat in New York, Washington won a battle at _____________, New Jersey. | Trenton |
| Washington and his army crossed the ______________________ on Christmas Day night to surprise the British. | Delaware River |
| In 1777, the Continental Army won an important battle in ___________, New York. | Saratoga |
| Seeing that Americans could win, _________ agreed to help the colonists. | France |
| Washington and his army camped at ______________, Pennsylvania. | Valley Forge |
| It was extremely _________ at Valley Forge and the soldiers did not have enough to ___________. | cold, eat |
| In 1781, George Washington led his soldiers to victory at _____________, Virginia. | Yorktown |
| After winning independence, the Americans had to build a _________. | nation |
| The 13 new states called themselves the _____________________. | United States of America |
| The USA was not united the way it is today and was not used to __________ together. | working |
| Articles of Confederation | signed by the states in 1781 to govern the country |
| confederation | a union of states that agree to coorperate |
| congress | a group of people who are responsible for making a country's laws |
| In 1786, farmer Daniel Shays and about 1200 Massachusetts farmers organized a _____________, attacking government buildings. | revolt |
| Shays' Rebellion | Revolt in 1786, organized by farmer Daniel Shays and about 1200 Massachusetts farmers, attacking government buildings |
| Leaders created an entirely new government and ____________ the Articled of Confederation. | revised |
| The planners of the new government held a ___________________. | Constitutional Convention |
| Constitution | a plan of government |
| In May of 1787, 55 delegates met in ____________. | Philadelphia |
| delegate | someone who represents a group of people (in their states) |
| The road to the new government had two problems, ________ and _________________. | size, how much power the government should have |
| The delegates made a compromise to have a _____________, where each state would have ____(number)___ members. | Senate, two |
| House of Representatives | each state would send representatives based on a state's population |
| ratify | to approve |
| ammendment | change or addition |
| Bill of Rights | the first ten ammendments |
| On April 30, 1789, __________________ became the first president of the United States of America. | George Washington |
| After independence, the new nation stretched from the ______________ to the _________________. | Atlantic Ocean, Mississippi River |
| territory | an area that is governed by a country but is NOT a state |
| The president in 1803 was ___________________. | Thomas Jefferson |
| The leader of France in 1803 was _______________. | Napoleon |
| Napoleon offered to sell the United States land that would _________ its size. | double |
| Louisiana Purchase | Thomas Jefferson purchased the Louisiana Territory for $15 million |
| The Louisiana Purchase gave Americans control of the _____________. | Mississippi River |
| Jefferson wanted to find a river route to the _____________ Ocean. | Pacific |
| expedition | a journey made for a special purpose |
| Meriwether Lewis and William Clark | led the expedition to try to find a river route to the Pacific Ocean |
| There was no river route to the Pacific, but Lewis and Clark brought back important information about the _________ and ________ of the west. | land, people |
| The _______________ doubled the size of the nation. | Lousiana Purchase |
| Americans began moving west to find land, _________ or furs. | gold |
| Manifest Destiny | the belief that it was America's clear duty to expand the nation from coast to coast |
| The United States and Mexico fought a war for control of the land in the ________, won in 1848 by the US, stretching from the Atlantic to the Pacific. | Southwest |
| Many _____________ immigrants arrived in the United States in the 1840's. | European |
| immigrant | a person who comes to live in a new land |
| industry | the part of the economy in which machines are used to do work |
| The European immigrants helped build the nation's growing _________. | industry |
| Industrial Revolution | the period of time in which the European immigrants helped build the nation's growing industry |
| The changes from the Industrial Revolution made the economy very __________. | productive |
| Inventions changed farm and factory work as well as _________. | transportation |
| railroads | let people travel faster and easier |
| The ____________ had more people, cities and factories. | North |
| The South was largely a ___________ region. | farming |
| Southern states argued for _________________. | states' rights |
| abolitionist | someone who wants to abolish, or end, slavery completely |
| Black and white Americans ____________ together to help men, women and children _____________ slavery. | worked, escape |
| In 1860, _____________ was elected president. | Abraham Lincoln |
| _______________ were furious about the election because Lincoln wanted to stop the spread of slavery. | Southerners |
| secede | to break away or officially withdraw |
| The South seceded and called themselves the ________________. | Confederate States of America |
| Jefferson Davis | was elected president of the South |
| The _____________ War began in 1861, with a battle at _____________. | Civil, Fort Sumter |
| Robert E. Lee | of Virginia, a Confederate general |
| Ulysses S. Grant | of Ohio, a Union general |
| On April 9, 1865, the ___________ surrendered. | South |
| President _____________ wanted to heal the nation after the war but was ____________ before he could try. | Lincoln, killed |
| Reconstruction | the period of time when the South was rebuilt; rules were made for Southern states to follow; government worked to help newly freed African Americans in the South |
| Three Amendments to the Constitution helped __________. | African Americans |
| 13th Amendment | made slavery against the law |
| 14th Amendment | gave equal rights to former slaves |
| 15th Amendment | granted African American men the right to vote |
| segregation | separation |
| The cultures of the _____________ were very difficult from the culture of white settlers. | Native Americans |
| reservation | an area of land set aside for Native Americans |
| transcontinental | crossing a continent |
| The United States became the world leader in ___________. | manufacturing |
| manufacturing | making goods by machines, usually in factories |
| ________________ helped American businesses of all kinds to grow. | Railroads |
| ____________ were the homes to many big businesses, which provided jobs for people. | Cities |
| Thomas Edison invented an ___________ light bulb in 1879 that stayed lit for a long time. | electric |
| Alexander Graham Bell | invented the telephone in 1876 |
| Henry Ford | made a successful automobile with a gasoline engine |
| entrepreneur | risks money to start a new business |
| ________________ were part of the reason why the nation was growing. | Big businesses |
| diverse | showing much variety |
| Industries needed ___________. | workers |
| Many _____________ found jobs in the nation's cities, resulting in larger populations. | immigrants |
| America's economy grew ____________ in the early 1900's, and was _________ by the 1920's. | rapidly, booming |
| The Roaring Twenties | the name for the time period where the economy grew and was booming, businesses were expanding and people were spending a lot of money |
| In 1929, ________ closed and __________ failed. People lost their jobs. | banks, businesses |
| The ______________ slowed down so much that it went into a depression. | economy |
| Depression | when the economy goes into a deep, serious slowdown |
| Great Depression | the period of time beginning in 1929 when the depression was so bad |
| _____________ was elected president in 1932. | Franklin D. Roosevelt |
| New Deal | offered by Franklin D. Roosevelt, with an important goal to give people jobs |
| World War 1 | In 1914, Europe went to war with each other |
| The United States got involved in World War 1 when ____________ sank its ______________. | Germany, ships |
| After losing WWI, some Germans followed a leader named Adolf Hitler, who led the __________ Party. | Nazi |
| Germany was invading some countries for ___________. | power |
| By 1939, _______________ was at war again. | Europe |
| Pearl Harbor | an American naval base in Hawaii that Japanese planes attacked on December 7, 1941 |
| The United States entered ____________ on December 8, 1941. | World War II |
| Germany was run by a ___________ government. | fascist |
| Fascism | a form of government that gives all power to the states, does away with individual freedoms, and uses the military to enforce the law |
| Two powerful atomic bombs were dropped on Japan in 1945, destroying the cities of __________ and Nagasaki, ending World War II. | Hiroshima |
Created by:
akontostergios
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