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US History S1 Final
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Mayflower Compact 1620 | self-govern |
| "City Upon a Hill" 1630 | John Winthrop; example for ppl watching |
| Declaration of Independence 1774 | Thomas Jefferson; no tax without rep |
| US Constitution 1789 | popular sovereignty; limited gov; separation of power; federalism; checks and balances; individual rights |
| "Democracy in America" 1840 | Alexis de Tocqueville; amazed by equality; democracy is wave of future |
| Manifest Destiny 1845 | John L. O'Sullivan; god given inevitable expansion east-> west |
| Gettysburg Address 1863 | honor fallen soldiers; promise of equality; union worth fighting for |
| Imperialism 1899 | Teddy Roosevelt; "speak softly + carry big stick"; trust buster |
| "Safe for Democracy” 1917 | Woodrow Wilson; before entering WW1 |
| "Rugged Individualism” 1928 | self-reliance; Hoover |
| FDR’s Inaugural Speech 1933 | “Only thing to fear is fear itself”; offered hope |
| FDR’s Four Freedoms 1941 | freedom of speech, religion, from want, fear |
| JFK’s Inaugural Speech 1961 | Make america a place where all ppl feel safe, fight for what you want, uniting all Americans |
| MLK's “I Have a Dream” 1963 | wanting change; unite america, blacks get same freedom/equality/opp. as whites |
| Ronald Reagan 1980 | New patriotism, "city upon hill" ref, lose American mem->lose american spirit |
| Barack Obama (American Exceptionalism) 2009 | Rebuild, Unite, Get through crisis, Manifest Destiny reference, Call for Action |
| Connecticut Compromise | Rodger Sherman, created house of representatives and senate |
| Presidential qualifications | Natural born citizens, 35 year +, resident of country for 14 yrs |
| Presidential powers | Ordinance power (executive orders), Diplomatic powers, Military powers, Legislative powers, Judicial powers |
| Roles of president | chief of state; executive; diplomat; commander in chief; chief legislator; party chief; chief guardian of economy |
| Presidential Cabinet | Jefferson/Hamiltion disagreed (political parties formed); Andrew Jackson (fam/friends cabinet); Lincoln (cabinet opposed him); Kennedy (attention to bro, AG) |
| Bureaucracy | Complex structure of offices, tasks, rules, and principles of org that employ large institutions; efficient; ppl believe inefficient/slow |
| Departments | Homeland security; veterans affairs; education; energy; transportation; housing/urban; health/human services; labor; commerce; agriculture; interior; justice; defense; treasury; state |
| Electoral College | 270 votes; voters vote for electors in electoral college; electors can vote against pop vote; if tie, house decides |
| Significant Presidential Policies | Truman (contain/Fair Deal); Eisenhower (MAD/modern republicanism); Kennedy (contain/space race); Johnson (contain/great society); Reagan (contain/Reaganomics); Obama (war on terrorism) |
| Presidential Scandals | Grant (Crédit Mobilier & Whiskey Ring); Harding (teapot dome); Nixon (Watergate- breaking/entering into opponents campaign); Reagan (Iran-Contra Affair); Clinton (Whitewater & Monica Lewinski) |
| Executive Orders | Something president can do without permission |
| Identify key presidential decisions | Truman (NATO/atomic bombs on Japan); Eisenhower (Y2 spy plane/tv into conferences); Kennedy (Bay of pigs/Cuban missile/lowered taxes); Johnson (Vietnam war/expanded New Deal); Reagan (end of cold war/berlin wall fall); Obama (killed Al Qaeda/Obamacare) |
| Basis of American foreign policy | State Dept; Plans/actions taken in aspect of relationships w/other countries; ambassadors; special diplomats; passports, visas |
| Policy changed from isolationism to interventionist | Isolationism (stay out of wars) Interventionist (wanted to protect world from communist takeover/democracy spreads over world) |
| Spanish-American war | annex texas; Treaty Guadalupe Hidalgo (Texas, New Mexico, Cali) |
| WWI (1917-1917) | Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand; MAIN; Zimmerman note; German submarine warfare; Treaty of Versailles; League of Nations (didn"t join) |
| WWII (1941-1945) | Pearl Harbor; atomic bomb of Japan; Japan surrenders |
| Cold War (1949- 1991) | Iron Curtain; truman Doctrine; marshall plan; NATO treaty/Warsaw Pact; US vs USSR; space race |
| Korean War (1950-1953) | North Korea (communist) vs South (capitalist); US almost helped win but China joined NK |
| Vietnam War (1955-1973) | North vs South Vietnam; Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia; NV agreed to Armistice not wanting to have America release its military power |
| Persian Gulf War (1991-1991) | US 1st high tech war; liberate Kuwait when S Hussein invaded to access oil resources |
| Wars in Afghanistan & Iraq | A (2001-2014)-US invasion to remove Taliban from power/dismantle Al-Qaeda; Iraq (2003-2011)- US invasion to remove S. Hussein/est democrat gov |
| Cuban Missile Crisis | Soviet Union secretly put missiles in Cuba to attack the US; brought them to war before an agreement was reached |
| Iran-Contra Scandal | Reagan approved sale of arms to Iran in exchange for release of hostages; sent profits to Contras in Nicaragua |
| End of Cold War | Iron Curtain lifted; Berlin Wall fell; free elections ousted Communist leaders; Soviet Union dissolved |
| What influences help formed the American economic system | Consumers, businesses, and government |
| Colonial economy | Charter Co. (og owned by English businessmen); investors turned the companies over to colonists; colonists began building up the colonies using charter companies and natural resources; created national bank; invisible hand; free market; golden rule |
| Constitutional aspects that create our economic system | Commerce ; coinage; copyright; contract; export; search/seizures clause; due process; reserved rights/powers |
| Economic causes of the Civil War | South believed in slavery; North was against it; the North and South disagreed abt tariffs |
| Roaring 20s | Installment plans/credit; ppl wanted to spend money after war; mass production/high demands |
| Causes of the Great Depression | stock market crash (too many Americans invested); people trying to take money out of banks; banks running out of money; unemployment increased; Ppl buying on margin |
| New Deal Programs | Roosevelt (first 100 days); relief, recovery, reform; banks Holiday; FDIC- Glass-Steagall act; Federal Securities; AAA (agricultural); TVA (tennessee valley); 2nd (2nd 100 days); WPA; NYA; Wagner Act; Fair Labor Standards; Social Security Act |
| Arsenal of Democracy | "arsenal for democracy" (FDR); Land, Labor, Capital resources (LLC); Scarcity; trade-off; opportunity cost; propaganda |
| Cold War Economics | high inflation; space race |
| Reaganomics | Cut taxes/spending; create jobs; increase defense spending; balancing federal budget; reducing government regulation/size of government; constricting the money supply to reduce inflation; supply-side economics |
| 2008 Housing Crisis | Housing market declined by 20%; low-interest rates pushed prices up; banks lowered loan standards/new types of mortgages; over-speculation -> pushed prices above sustainable levels (homes lost value) |
Created by:
adeach
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