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Unit 6

The Gilded Age

TermDefinition
Dawes Act 1887 - Law passed by Congress to divide Indian Reservations into plots of land that Native American families could own and farm.
Cowboys Ranch workers int he West who oversaw large herds of cattle and drove them to the railroads to be transported off to market.
Reservation A piece of land that is reserved for a specific Native American tribe established by a treaty with the U.S. government.
Transcontinental Railroad Construction project funded by Congress - When it was finished in 1869 it ran from the Eastern half of the U.S. to California.
Segregation The separation of races within a society.
Sharecropper A person who pays a landowner in crops to live on and farm their land.
Poll Tax A required payment in order to register to vote.
Literacy Test An exam required of certain people to show they are able to read and write in order to register to vote.
Lynching An execution by a mob without a trial.
Plessy v. Ferguson 1896 - Supreme Court ruling that segregation did NOT violate the 14th Amendment of the Constitution - Based on the doctrine of "separate but equal".
Booker T. Washington Argued that Black Americans should accept segregation and political inequality in the South and instead should focus on their own vocational education and economic advancement.
W.E.B. Du Bois Opposed the idea that Black Americans should make concessions to White Southerners and supported a more aggressive approach to securing civil rights.
NAACP Organization formed in 1909 to advance justice and secure civil rights for Black Americans.
Ida Wells Published books to bring national attention to lynchings and the need for Congress to pass anti-lynching legislation.
Irish and German Immigrants Worked on the Union Pacific Railroad.
Chinese Immigrants Worked on the Central Pacific Railroad.
Little Bighorn 1876 - Battle where Native American warriors defeated and killed most of the 7th U.S. Cavalry Regiment.
Wounded Knee Sioux Reservation where hundreds of Native Americans were killed by U.S. cavalry soldiers in 1890 - Marked the end of Indian resistance to reservations.
Homestead Act 1862 - Law by Congress to offer 160 acres of land in the Great Plains to Americans who could own it after "improving" the land.
Trust When businesses combine together under a board to control production, prices, and distribution in an industry.
Laissez - Faire Capitalism Philosophy that government should NOT have a role in a free market economy.
New Immigrants People from Eastern and Southern Europe who came to the U.S. in large numbers to work in factories and mines - Most were Catholic, Orthodox, or Jewish.
Ellis Island Major immigrant processing center in New York City that was active between 1892 - 1924.
Tenements Poorly constructed apartment buildings in cities that were overcrowded with poor immigrant and working families.
Political Machine Organization formed to ensure that a political party remains in control of a city.
Andrew Carnegie Owned the factories in Pittsburgh, PA that made the majority of steel that was produced in the U.S.
John Rockefeller Led the Standard Oil Company to gain control of 90% of oil production in the U.S.
Urbanization When more people leave rural areas to live in cities.
Gilded Age Name created by Mark Twain for the United States in the late 1800's.
Free Market Capitalism Economic system based on supply and demand where individuals make economic decisions, acquire wealth, and own property.
Vertical Integration When a person or business gains control of the entire supply chain of an industry - Used by Andrew Carnegie.
Horizontal Integration When a person or business buys out rival businesses within the same industry - Used by John Rockefeller.
Henry Ford Invented the moving assembly line to produce the Model T Ford.
Thomas Edison Invented a practical light bulb in 1879 and the electric generator in 1880.
Wheat Crop that was grown by Americans in the Great Plains.
Sweatshops A workshop where workers are paid very low wages for long hours and under poor conditions.
Company Town A community established by a business to provide housing and food to workers,
Pacific Railway Act 1862 - Law passed by Congress that promoted the construction of a "transcontinental railroad" by authorizing the issuance of government bonds and the grants of land to railroad companies.
Buffalo Used by the Great Plains Native Americans for food, shelter, and clothing.
Indian Peace Commission Group formed by Congress in 1867 to make treaties with Native American tribes in the West to establish a system of reservations.
Sitting Bull Sioux Chief who led Native American warriors to defeat the 7th U.S. Cavalry at Little Bighorn.
Ghost Dance Movement Religious movement that was the last effort by Native Americans to resist reservations and regain their ancestral lands.
Gilded Age Industries Coal, steel, electricity, and oil.
J.P. Morgan Banker and Financier who purchased Carnegie Steel and turned it into U.S. Steel.
George Westinghouse Invented the Alternating Current (AC) system in 1886 to distribute electricity.
Alexander Graham Bell Invented the telephone in 1877 to transmit sound using an electric signal.
Wilbur and Orville Wright Piloted the first successful sustained flight of an airplane in 1903.
Model T Ford The first mass produced and affordable car.
Nativism Ideology that favors the interests of native born citizens over those of immigrants.
Chinese Exclusion Act 1882 Law passed by Congress that prohibited immigration from China for 10 years.
Party Bosses Leaders of a political party in an urban area who led political machines and exercised tight control over elections.
Tenant Farmer A person who pays rent to farm land that is owned by another person.
Homer Plessy Black American arrested for sitting in a "whites only" passenger car on a train in Louisiana in 1892.
Created by: MhsUSHistory
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