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Crusades
Chapter 10, From the Crusades to New Muslim Empires
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Causes of the Crusades | The Seljuks expanded their empire overrunning much of Anatolia. Christians in Europe were alarmed by the Seljuk advance and concerned about the safety of themselves. They were feared they would no longer be able to visit Jerusalem + holy sites |
| List one reason why Jerusalem is holy to Christians. | This is where Jesus was crucified and rose from the dead. |
| List one reason why Jerusalem is holy to Muslims. | This is where Muhammad rose to heaven during his Night Journey. |
| List two reasons why Jerusalem is holy to Jews. | Jerusalem was the spiritual capital of the Jews. It was where their great Temple once stood. |
| POSITIVE impact of the Crusades on Christians | Crusaders pay supplies increased the use of $ in Europe. Knights performed $ function. Monarchs more powerful, weakened feudalism Christians were introduced to new things Some Eur. merchants made large profits trading goods |
| NEGATIVE impact of the Crusades on Christians | Many Crusaders were wounded/killed in battle Many Crusaders died from disease and the hardships of travel |
| POSITIVE Impact of the Crusades on Muslims | Gained exposure to some new weapons and military ideas and began to adopt standing, or permanent, armies Muslim merchants earned wealth from trade with Europe, which helped to fund new mosques + religious schools Muslims united to fight their common foe |
| NEGATIVE Impact of the Crusades on Muslims | An unknown number of Muslims lost their lives in battles and massacres Muslim property was destroyed by Crusaders |
| NEGATIVE Impact of the Crusades on Jews | Crusaders in the Holy Land killed some Jews, and others became slaves The lives of Jews dramatically worsened as they suffered a series of persecutions. Anti- semitism spread among non crusaders as well Riots and massacres broke out throughout Europe |
| NEGATIVE - Con’t Impact of the Crusades on Jews | European Jews’ place in society worsened. -They could't hold public office, some Jewish businesses were seized, and some countries expelled all Jews In the 14th & 15th centuries, Jews were forced to live in ghettos in many European cities. |
| Who were the Mongols, and what did they do under their leader Khan and his successors? | Mongols were nomadic people from north of China. Led by Khan, they began wars of conquest in which they took over part of China and then swept across Central Asia. |
| How did the Mongol Empire change after converting to Islam? | Islam helped bring unity to the Mongol Empire. Mongols made Persian the language of the government. They rebuilt cities they had destroyed, and encouraged learning, the arts, and trade |
| What led to the decline of the Mongol Empire? | What led to the decline of the Mongol Empire? |
| Ottoman Empire | Began Anatolia, conquered Constantinople. Brought an end to the Byzantine Empire. Conquered large parts of the Middle East, as well as part of SE Europe, NA, Persia, and Turkey. the Ottomans allowed their Jewish and Christians freedoms within mile |
| Safavid Empire | Founded by Muslims in Persia and spread east. The Safavids were Shi’ah Muslims, unlike the Ottomans who were Sunnis. (Shi’ah and Sunnis are two different types of Islams) The two groups fought a number of wars |
| Mughal Empire | Founded by descendant of Khan and Timur Lang The Mughals invaded India and ruled there until sometime after 1700, left Muslims as a significant minority of India's population |
| Who suddenly defeated the Byzantine Empire? | The Seljuk Turks |
| Who did Pope Urban II tell to launch a Crusade? | Christian Empire against Muslim invaders. |
| Define a Crusade. | Holy War |
| Who currently has the Holy Land under control? | Muslims |
| WHY is Pope Urban II telling people to go to Jerusalem? | To protect the land |
| Was the SECOND CRUSADE successful? | FAILURE, No |
| What did Saladin do that lead to the THIRD CRUSADE? | He united the Muslims and declared war on Christian States |
| What does a Crusader look like? | Has a red cross |
| WHY did King Richard the Lionheart agree to a truce? | Saladin promised that Christian pilgrims could safely travel to Jerusalem |
| Effects of the Crusades #1 | Increased trade between EUROPE and MIDDLE EAST |
| Effects of the Crusades #2 | Helped break down feudalism because NOBLES sold their lands which REDUCED their power and helped kings build STRONGER CENTRAL GOVERNMENT |
Created by:
MintyLov
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