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US History Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The document that outlined the United States’ first form of government and its weaknesses | Articles of Confederation Could not tax No power to regulate trade and the economy Could not enforce laws |
| What caused the farmers’ uprising, Shay's Rebellion? What was the result? | Massachusetts began to heavily tax farmers and they rose up in rebellion Signal to Americans government is too weak Makes people interested in revising articles—attend Constitutional convention |
| Declaration of Independence | July 4, 1776 Declare “All men Created Equal” Justify breaking away from England Written by Thomas Jefferson |
| Constitution of the United States | Summer 1787 Establish powers of government and define rights of citizens Written by 55 delegates with compromises over slave trade and representation |
| What did the Land Ordinance of 1785 do? | Created a system for surveying the land Create Townships and Sections |
| What did the Northwest ordinance of 1787 do? | Created a system for the orderly expansion of the US Created a system for the addition of new territories and states |
| Great Compromise | Make a House which was based in population and a Senate which had equal representation for all the states. |
| 3/5's Compromise | 3/5's of an enslaved person would be counted as part of the population so states with more slaves wouldn't have more representation |
| Bill of Rights Compromise | The anti-federalists would only approve the constitution if the 1st 10 amendments were the Bill of Rights and discussed individual rights. |
| What is the purpose of the Preamble to the Constitution? | Establish the goals of the Constitution |
| Popular sovereignty | People rule |
| Checks and Balances | The power of government is divided and balanced |
| Republicanism | People vote for representatives |
| Limited Government | Power is limited to what is described. All other power belongs to the people |
| Federalism | Power is shared by the federal and state governments |
| Individual Rights | People have inviolable and protected rights |
| Separation of Powers | Government's power is divided into branches |
| Judicial branch | Common Name: Supreme Court Powers: Interprets laws Checks: Determines constitutionality, judicial review |
| Executive branch | Common Name: President Powers: Carries out, or executes laws Checks: Vetoes Congress, appoints judges |
| Legislative branch | Common Name: Congress Powers: Makes laws Checks: Overrides veto, impeaches president or judges, approves appointments |
| What term refers to people who supported the Constitution? | Federalists |
| What term refers to people who did NOT support the Constitution? | Anti-Federalists |
| What was the Anti-Federalists’ main argument against the Constitution? | It lacked a Bill of Rights |
| The list of the first ten amendments in the U.S. Constitution is called the? | Bill of Rights |
| The Declaration of Independence was based on the views of what English philosopher? | John Locke |
| Colonists advantages and disadvantages | Advantages- Motivation, leadership, foreign help Disadvantages- Untrained, no navy |
| British advantages and disadvantages | Advantages- Best trained army and navy Disadvantages- Far from home, unknown enemy, little motivation |
| Pie chart showing how colonists divided in their support for the Revolution | Patriots = 40-45% Loyalists = 20-30% Neutral = 25-40% |
| Loyalists | Loyal to British crown |
| Patriots | Supported American independence |
| Significance of Ticonderoga | Americans secured critical cannons, gunpowder, weapons needed in the Revolution |
| Significance of Trenton | Americans crossed the Delaware, defeated the Hessians, and provided Americans with a much needed victory - boost in morale |
| Significance of Saratoga | Huge win for Americans, turning point of the war during which the French openly allied with the US |
| Significance of Yorktown | Last major battle of the war - British surrendered to the US and we became independent! |
| Significance of Bunker Hill | British won despite heavy casualties, they were forced to change strategy |
| Significance of Lexington (and Concord) | First shots fired of the Revolutionary war |
| What were the results of the Revolutionary War? | Who won: US National debt: 27 million dollars, Land was sold in the NW Territories to pay Native Americans: Continue to fight for land |
| Long Term Causes of the French and Indian War | Competition over land in the Ohio River Valley Native American competition for fur trade Ongoing tensions-Britain and France |
| Short Term Causes of the French and Indian War | French capture Fort Duquesne (Ohio river valley) G. Washington attempt to recapture and defeat at Fort Necessity |
| What were the political and military turning points of the French Indian war? | Political: William Pitt becomes Secretary of State, British change strategy Military: Battle of Quebec |
| What did the Albany Plan of Union set out to do? | Benjamin Franklin designed it to unite the colonies for purposes of defense |
| What was the result of the Albany Plan of Union? | Colonial legislators were afraid of losing power and rejected the Albany Plan of Union |
| Who won the French and Indian War? | The British |
| List 4 results of the French and Indian War: | France lost all her territory in North America Indians lost an important ally Britain had a huge war debt and began to tax the colonies British forbade movement with Proclamation of 1763 |
| Define Salutary Neglect as experienced between 1609 and 1763 in the 13 colonies: | Also known as benign neglect, it meant the British let the colonies rule themselves without interference until 1763 |
| What events led to the end of Salutary Neglect? | French and Indian War and the debt incurred by the British forced them to begin enforcing laws/taxes Proclamation of 1763 |
| What was the purpose of the Proclamation of 1763? | Purpose was to stop American colonists from moving onto Indian land thereby starting conflicts with Indians |
| What did the Quartering Act state? What was the reaction of the colonists? | Soldiers were housed in colonists’ homes Colonists felt invaded |
| What did the Stamp Act state? What was the reaction of the colonists? | Taxes were imposed on printed goods, with no representation in Parliament Colonists organized in protest and sent BF to Britain with Stamp Act Congress |
| What did the Townshend Acts state? What was the reaction of the colonists? | Britain imposed more taxes on day to day goods Colonists formed Sons and Daughters of Liberty, protested and boycotted (most effective protest) British goods |
| What did the Intolerable/Coercive Acts state? What was the reaction of the colonists? | To punish Massachusetts colonist Bostonians began to collect guns and get ready for war (first shot at Lexington) |
| Why were the colonists angry about the taxes? | They were angry that they were being taxed without their consent and they had no representatives in Parliament |
| Correctly Match the Cause and Effect of each act | Tea Act passed = Boston Tea Party Boston Tea Party = Intolerable acts passed by England The Townsend Acts Passed = The Boston Massacre |
| Enlightenment | When Mid 1700's Where Europe and America What Political awakening How Political discussions Who Political philosophers Effects Later equality |
| Great Awakening | When Mid 1700's Where Colonial America What Religious revival, new ideas about religion How Religious Evangelical revivals Who Traveling preachers Effects Independence and the constitution |
| Jamestown | Date founded: 1607 Colonists: Profit seekers from Virginia Co. of London 100 men, John Rolfe, John Smith Why founded: PROFIT Secret to success: Tobacco |
| Plymouth and later Massachusetts Bay | Date founded: 1620 Colonists: Pilgrims, then Puritans in 1630’s 100 men, women, children Why founded: RELIGION Secret to success: Theocracy/work together, help from Natives |
| New England | Resource/Products: Timber, fish, boat building, whale oil Social/Religious Influences: Puritans Major towns/Cities: Boston, Providence List of colonies: MA, NH, RI, CT Slavery: Very few slaves (2%) Key Associations: Puritans, fishing, trade |
| Middle | Resource/Products: Wheat, barley, oats Social/Religious Influences: Quakers/Dutch Major towns/Cities: New York, Philadelphia List of colonies: NY, NJ, PA, DE Slavery: Some and racial tension (7%) Key Associations: Diverse, tolerant, urban, grains |
| Southern | Resource/Products: Cash crops (tobacco, rice, indigo, sugar) Social/Religious Influences: Planters Major towns/Cities: Charleston List of colonies: MD, VA, NC, SC, GA Slavery: Lots (40%), necessary Key Associations: Planters, slavery, cash crops |
| Indentured servant | Person who signs a contract (indenture) selling his or her labor for a period of time in exchange for passage to colonies, or learning skill, or land |
| Slavery | People under the condition of a slave who are overworked, treated as property, and cant disobey their owners |
| What two major events happened in Jamestown in 1619? | 1. First slaves purchased and slavery started in English colonies 2. House of Burgesses giving representative government to property owning males started |
| Massachusetts | Founder: Pilgrims (William Bradford) Puritans (John Winthrop) Why founded: Religious freedom (for THEMSELVES, not others!) |
| Pennsylvania | Founder: William Penn Why founded: Haven for Quakers and other religions or settlers |
| Maryland | Founder: Lord Baltimore Why founded: Haven for Catholics |
| Georgia | Founder: Lord Oglethorpe Why founded: Haven for debtors and criminals (at first). Human shield from Florida |
| What motivated explorers during the Age of Exploration to find a route to Asia? | Quick access to riches of Southeast Asia (TRADE) |
| List the 3 reasons for European exploration in the New World (3 g’s): | God Gold Glory |
| To America From Europe | Living things brought: Horses, fruit trees, diseases Effect: Many natives died from diseases |
| To Europe From America | Living things brought: Tobacco, corn, potatoes Effect: Increased population and later immigration |
| From Africa To America | Living things brought: People (African slaves) Effect: Increased diversity and slavery |
| Mercantilism | Economic system which created colonies and ensured Mother Country had favorable balance of trade |
| Northwest passage definition and significance | Presumed Northern water route to Asia that Northern Europeans (France, Holland, England) were searching for. This will lead them to explore and colonize North America |
| Columbus | Country: Spain Route: Trans-Atlantic Result: Huge Spanish colonies, start of Columbian Exchange |
| Magellan | Country: Spain Route:Circumnavigates globe Result: Proves world is bigger than Spain claims 🡪 more land for colonies |
| Hudson | Country: Dutch & English Route: Up rivers to find NW Passage Result: Dutch and English establish colonies |
| The Americas before Columbus | - Best farmers (corn and potatoes) - Biggest population (100 million) - Aztecs and Incas had powerful empires - Little to no disease because of few domesticated animals |
| West Africa before Columbus | - Birthplace of humanity - Lots of trade - Advanced in science and politics - Songhai, Mali, and Ghana empires |
| Europe before Columbus | - Hierarchy-Feudalism: No equality and very competitive - Renaissance/Reformation - Christian church split - Lots of disease because of many domesticated animals |
Created by:
hadleyrice
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