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Sociology
Chapter 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Auguste Comte | coined the term sociology |
| Harriet Martineau | first female sociologist, societies must ensure social justice for women, enslaved people, and other oppressed groups |
| Herbert Spencer | "Survival of the fittest"; Social Darwinism between societies and cultures |
| Karl Marx | founder of modern communism |
| Emile Durkheim | Believed in functionalism and the scientific method; saw society as a set of independent parts that maintain a system but each separate part has a function |
| Max Weber | Father of sociology. Argued that in a capitalist society inequalities would lead to conflict, but that there would be more than one source of conflict. Argued that there were several factors that moderated people's reaction to inequality. |
| Jane Addams | the founder of Hull House, which provided English lessons for immigrants, daycares, and child care classes |
| W.E.B. DuBois | Opposed Booker T. Washington. Wanted social and political integration as well as higher education for 10% of African Americans-what he called a "Talented Tenth". Founder of the Niagara Movement which led to the creation of the NAACP. |
| social science | the scientific study of human society and social relationships |
| Sociology | the study of human society |
| social interaction | how people relate to one another and influence each other's behavior |
| social phenomena | observable facts or events that involve human society |
| Anthropology | Study of the origins and development of people and their societies. Compares past and present cultures. |
| Psychology | the scientific study of behavior and mental processes |
| social psychology | the study of how the social environment affects an individual's behavior and personality |
| Economics | The study of how people seek to satisfy their needs and wants by making choices |
| political science | study of the organization and operation of governments |
| history | the study of the people and events of the past |
| Sociolgical perspective | a viewing of the behavior of groups in a systematic way. |
| sociological imagination | Ability to see the connection between the larger world and our personal lives |
| function | the consequence that an element of society produces for the maintenance of its social system |
| ideal type | a description comprised of the essential characteristics of a feature of society |
| Scientific Method | Uses objective, systematic observations to test theories. |
| In the eyes of __________, society consists of connected parts working together as a whole. | functionalist |
| Some sociologists adopt a(n) ___________, which focuses on how individuals interact with one another in society. | Interactionist perspective |
| conflict persepctive | approach emphasizing the role of conflict, competition, and constraint within a society |
| social interaction | the process by which people act and react in relation to others |
| sociological perspective | Looking at social life in a scientific, systematic way, rather than depending on a common sense explanation found in the media |
| Globalization | The development of economic, political, and social relationships that stretch worldwide |
| Social Darwinism | The belief that only the fittest survive in human political and economic struggle. |
| Observations | Involves observing behavior of individuals and groups in actual social settings and can be done through detached observation or participant observation |
| Experiments | Gathering data under controlled conditions. |
| analysis of existing data | type of unobtrusive research that relies on data gathered earlier by someone else for some other purpose |
| social sciences | related disciplines that study various aspects of human social behavior |
| Research process | 1. Defining the problem, reviewing the literature, forming a hypothesis, choosing a research design, collecting the data, analyzing the data, presenting conclusions |
| Variable | A factor that can change in an experiment |
| correlation | A measure of the extent to which two factors vary together, and thus of how well either factor predicts the other. |
| Surveys are | questionnaires and interviews |
| historical methods | research that collects data from written reports, newspaper articles, journals, transcripts, television programs, diaries, artwork, and other artifacts that date back to the period under study |
Created by:
Mdenne
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