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AP Government Term 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Necessary and Proper clause | allows congress the ability to make laws or to act where the constitution doesn't give it authority to act |
| Alexander Hamilton | founding father of the United States, wrote the Federalist papers |
| 10th amendment | the Federal Government only has those powers delegated in the Constitution |
| Shays Rebellion | uprising in western Massachusetts in opposition to high taxes and stringent economic conditions |
| Republic | form of government in which a state is ruled by representatives of the citizen body |
| Thomas Jefferson | American Founding Father, the principal author of the Declaration of Independence and the third President of the United States. |
| Liberty | freedom from arbitrary and unreasonable restraint upon an individual |
| Double Jeopardy | After a person is charged with a crime, and if the crime is committed again they cannot be charged with the same sentence. Unless the two acts of crime were in two separate states. |
| Equal Protection Clause | no state shall “deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. |
| Brutus 1 | the Constitution and laws of every state would nullified and declared void if they were, or shall be inconsistent with the Constitution |
| Executive | carries out and enforces laws |
| Federalists | a strong, central government |
| Democracy | Government by the people, both directly or indirectly, with free and frequent elections. |
| Marbury V. Madison | Congress does not have the power to pass laws that override the Constitution, such as by expanding the scope of the Supreme Court's original jurisdiction. |
| Amendment | a change in, or addition to, the constitution or a law. |
| 13th amendment | Abolition of Slavery |
| 14th amendment | no “State [shall] deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law. |
| Article III | The judicial Power of the United States, shall be vested in one supreme Court, and in such inferior Courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish. |
| Right to Privacy | an individual's right to seclusion, or right to be free from public interference |
| Roe V. Wade | the name of the lawsuit that led to the landmark 1973 U.S. Supreme Court decision establishing a constitutional right to abortion in the United States |
| US. V Lopez | the Supreme Court ruled that Congress had exceeded its constitutional authority under the Commerce Clause when it passed a law prohibiting gun possession in local school zones. |
| Checks + Balances | Constitutional grant of powers that enables each of the three branches of government to check some acts of the others and therefore ensure that no branch can dominate. |
| Individualism | A social and political philosophy that promotes individual well-being over the well-being of society as a whole. |
| Bill of rights | The first 10 amendments to the U.S. Constitution |
| 3/5 Compromise | Compromise between northern and southern states at the Constitutional Convention that three-fifths of the slave population would be counted for determining direct taxation and representation in the House of Representatives. |
| Due Process Clause | Clause in the Fifth Amendment limiting the power of the national government |
| 2/3 Vote | the number of votes for a proposition or candidate must equal or exceed twice the number of votes against it |
| Commerce Clause | gives Congress the power to regulate all business activities that cross state lines or affect more than one state or other nations. |
| Article II | power of executive branch |
| Legislative | responsible for making laws |
| McCulloch V. Maryland | established the supremacy of the Constitution, the expansion of Congress' powers beyond those enumerated, and the inferior status of state laws in relation to federal laws |
| Constitution | outlines the structure and function of our government and also, through the Bill of Rights and subsequent amendments, guarantees our civil rights and liberties. |
| National Bank | the Constitution granted Congress no power to charter a national bank or any other corporation |
| Article I | The U.S. Congress makes the laws for the United States. |
| Anti-Federalists | supported the idea of small, state governments |
| Seperation of Powers | Constitutional division of powers among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches |
| James Madison | A co-author of the Federalist Papers |
| Fed 51 | Explain how separation of powers with checks and balances protects liberty |
| Articles of Confederation | A constitution drafted by the newly independent states |
| Popular Sovereignty | A belief that ultimate power resides in the people (rule by the people) |
| 15th Amendment | The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. |
| Supremacy Clause | establishes that federal laws/United States Constitution take precedence over state laws/state constitutions |
| Connecticut Compromise | Compromise agreement by states at the Constitutional Convention for a bicameral legislature with a lower house in which representation would be based on population and an upper house in which each state would have two senators. |
| Fed 10 | a large republic will help control factions because when more representatives are elected, there will be a greater number of opinions |
| Declaration of Independence | The document approved by representatives of the American colonies in 1776 that stated their grievances against the British monarch and declared their independence |
| Vote | a method by which a group can engage for the purpose of making a collective decision or expressing an opinion |
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