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U.S. History Midterm
Honors U.S. History vocab and review for Semester 1 Midterm
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Andrew Johnson | 17th U.S President |
| 13, 14, 15 Amendments | Abolished slavery, gave citizenship to all born in U.S, African Americans got right to vote |
| 1877 removal of troops | Rutherford B. Hayes removes troops from South, starts segregation and extreme racism in the South |
| Jim crow Laws | Laws for segregation of African Americans and Whites |
| Poll Tax/Literacy Test/Grandfather Clause | Reasons why African Americans weren't allowed to vote |
| Plessy Vs Ferguson | Court case over segregation |
| Segregation | Separation of races |
| Ku Klux Klan | Racist, extremist group in the South that targeted African Americans |
| What is Industry | the organized production of goods for the market |
| Bessemer Process | New and fast way to make steel |
| Thomas A. Edison | made the incandescent light bulb |
| Christopher Sholes | Made the typewriter |
| Alexander Graham Bell | Made the telephone |
| Transcontinental Railroad(Utah) | The point (Promatory, Utah) where the railroads meet |
| George M. Pullman | Railroad giant who made towns and the sleeping car |
| Munn V. Illinois | court case deciding power of government to regulate private industries |
| Interstate Commerce Act(ICC) | act that regulates railroad industry |
| Effects of RR Growth | skyscrapers, because of new found steel, nation was connected by cities |
| Time Zones | made for railway workers and companies |
| ARU (Eugene Debs) | American railway union, Eugene Debs was a union leader |
| Andrew Carnegie | Famous for his contribution to skyscrapers and steel bridges, he is a industry titan |
| Vertical Integration | Combination of your company and others who usually do different services |
| Horizontal Integration | Taking over other companies who do the same services or products as yours |
| Social Darwinism | survival of the fittest, the idea that certain people become powerful in society because they are innately better. |
| John D. Rockefeller | Industry titan who was known for having a monopoly on the oil department, Standard Oil |
| Sherman Anti-Trust Act | allowed government to dissolve trust, was supposed to outlaw monopolies and corruption, didn't work |
| Samuel Gompers | Union leader, founded American Federation of Labor |
| American Federation of Labor | founded by Samuel Gompers, union for skilled and unskilled workers |
| Eugene Debs | Union leader for railway workers |
| IWW | Industrial Workers of the World, "Wobbliess", led by "Big" Bill Haywood |
| Mary Harris "Mother" Jones | Union representative for children who worked |
| Homestead Strike | caused by Henry Frick, workers vs the private agents, massacre |
| Ellis Island | Entrance and checkpoint for new immigrants in New York |
| Angel Island | Entrance and checkpoint for new immigrants in San Francisco |
| Melting Pot | the different elements "melting together" into a harmonious whole with a common culture |
| Nativism | When businesses or other people prefer "native" born Americans over immigrants |
| Chinese Exclusion Act | Restricted Chinese immigrants into America |
| Gentlemen's Agreement | Agreement where Japanese men can only come to the US to study |
| Ethnic Enclaves | Groups of ethnicities who would live together in an area, and impose their culture, affecting that area |
| Urbanization | areas starting to turn into cities, skyscrapers everywhere |
| Tenements | cheap places where immigrants could live, not very sanitary and they are overcrowded |
| Mass Transit | trolleys, trains, cable cars, subways were built so workers could get to work |
| Settlement Homes | organizations that provided support services to the urban poor immigrants, education, healthcare, childcare |
| Jane Addams | activist who had a mansion for immigrants to live and learn before setting out on their own |
| Problems of City life | Sewage, filth, no clean water, overcrowded |
| Assassinations | James Garfield(Charles Guiteau), William McKinley(Leon Czolgosz), Abraham Lincoln(John Wilkes Booth) |
| Graft | obtaining money or favor through illegal or suspicious mean, corruption |
| Boss Tweed | American politician who, with his “Tweed ring” cronies, systematically plundered New York City of a lot of money |
| Patronage | hiring your friends, or people with the same interests as you into government jobs once you are in a powerful position |
| Civil Service | |
| Rutherford B Hayes | |
| James Garfield | |
| Chester A. Arthur | |
| Pendleton Act | Government jobs are now gained through merit instead of patronage |
| Grover Cleveland | |
| Benjamin Harrison | |
| Tariffs | Taxes on imported goods |
| William McKinley | |
| W.E.B Du Bois | |
| Booker T. Washington | |
| Niagra Movement | |
| Tuskegee Institute | University to teach black people |
| Florence Kelley | |
| Prohibition | |
| Muckraker | |
| Scientific Management | |
| Robert M. LoFollette | |
| Initiative | |
| Referendum | |
| Recall | |
| Amendments 16, 17, 18, 19 | |
| NACW | |
| NAWSA | |
| Suffrage | |
| Susan B. Anthony | |
| Square Deal | |
| Upton Sinclair | Muckraker who wrote The Jungle, investigated meat packing industry |
| The Jungle | A book written by Upton Sinclair that revealed the filth and hygiene of the meat packing factories |
| Meat Inspection Act | |
| Elkins Act/Hepburn Act | |
| Pure Food and Drug Act | |
| Conservation(G. Pinchot) | |
| NAACP | |
| Bull-Moose Party | Party created by Teddy Roosevelt and his friends after he gets rejected by Republican group |
| William Howard Taft | successor to Teddy Roosevelt, also was a "trust buster" |
| Queen Liliuokalani | |
| Hawaii and Sugar Planters | |
| Imperialism | a policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force |
| Alfred T. Mahan | Naval officer, great strategist |
| Pearl Harbor | Naval Base at Hawaii |
| William Seward | purchase of Alaska, everyone thought it was a horrible deal, but it turned out to be really good |
| Sanford B. Dole | lawyer in Hawaiian islands |
| Jose' Marti | |
| Valeriano Weyler | |
| Yellow Journalism | Exaggerated journalism to drum up support |
| U.S.S Maine | |
| Admiral George Dewey | |
| Rough Riders | Group of fighters organized by Teddy Roosevelt |
| San Juan Hill | the hill where America won the Spanish-American War |
| Puerto Rico, Philippines, Guam | Territories gained from the Spanish-American War |
| Foraker Act | established civilian government in Puerto Rico |
| Platt Amendment | established a naval base at Guantanamo Bay, control of sugar plantations, and intervention |
| Protectorate | a state that is controlled and protected by another, Puerto Rico and America |
| Open Door Policy | increased American influence in china |
| John Hay | helped with open door policy in china, and with panama canal |
| Boxer Rebellion | uprising because of the open door policy |
| Panama Canal | artificial canal, idea from Teddy Roosevelt, helps to trade |
| Filipino-American War | U.S imperialism caused this |
| Aguinaldo | fought for Philippine independence |
| Causes of War in Europe, MANIA | Militarism, Alliances, Nationalism, Imperialism, Assassinations(Archduke Ferdinand) |
| Allies vs. Central Powers | Great Britain, France, Russia, America, Italy, vs Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire |
| How does Technology impact the fighting? | new tanks, planes, gas, machine guns, and trenches made the fighting much more dangerous |
| American Involvement from 1914-1917 | fresh American troops ready to fight raised morale of the tired British and French troops |
| Lusitania | British Cruise liner that was sunk by Germans, 123 americans |
| Zimmermann Note | Telegram that was intercepted, message from Germans trying to persuade Mexico to join their side |
| Declaration of Independence: Who and when? Reasons and justifications? Influences? | |
| Articles of Confederation: Purpose? Strengths and weaknesses? | |
| Northwest Ordinance: Purpose? Influenced by? Leads to? | |
| The Constitution: Purpose? Preamble. Article I, II, III, The Amendments? | |
| Bill of Rights: Purpose? Group that supported it? Influenced by? | |
| Federalist Papers: Purpose? Goals? | |
| Anti-Federalist Papers; Purpose? Past experiences that made them feel this way? | |
| Edwin L. Drake | first person to use steam engine to drill for oil |
| Eddie Rickenbacker | Ace Pilot in WW1 |
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