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Unit 5

The Civil War

TermDefinition
13th Amendment 1865 - Change to the Constitution that abolished slavery in the United States.
14th Amendment 1868 - Change to the Constitution to make all freed slaves citizens with equal protection under law.
15th Amendment 1870 - Change to the Constitution to make it so the right to vote could not be denied on the basis of race.
Abraham Lincoln U.S. President (Republican) who led the Union during the Civil War.
Andrew Johnson U.S. President (Democrat, 1865 - 1868) - Lincoln's Vice President - A Southerner who became President after Lincoln's assassination.
Antietam 1862 - Battle where McClellan led the Army of the Potomac to defeat Lee's invasion of Maryland - Led to the Emancipation Proclamation.
Appomattox 1865 - Place where Lee surrendered to Grant - End of the Civil War.
Army of the Potomac Main Union Army that fought in the East during the Civil War.
Black Americans Group that was allowed to fight for the Union army and navy after the Emancipation Proclamation.
Black Codes Laws passed by Southern states to restrict the freedoms of Black Americans.
Border States Slave states who remained in the Union in the Civil War.
Bull Run 1861 - A Confederate force inflicted a shocking defeat on Union troops in Virginia in the first major battle of the Civil War.
Compromise of 1877 Agreement by Republicans to remove federal troops from the South - End of Reconstruction.
Confederacy States that seceded from the Union during the Civil War.
Confederate Strategy Fight a defensive war and gain foreign assistance from Great Britain and France.
Conscription Act of 1863 Congress established a military draft to raise manpower for Union armies during the Civil War; Service could be avoided by hiring a substitute or paying a fee.
Copperheads Faction of northern Democrats who opposed the war and wanted to negotiate peace with the Confederacy.
Election of 1864 Republican President Abraham Lincoln defeated Democratic candidate George B. McClellan to win re-election.
Emancipation Proclamation 1863 - Declared that all slaves within Confederate states were now considered free.
Enforcement Acts Laws passed by Republicans to allow federal troops to combat and defeat the Ku Klux Klan during Reconstruction.
Fort Sumter 1861 - U.S. fort fired on by Confederates in the first shots of the Civil War.
Freedmen's Bureau Federal agency during Reconstruction to offer food, clothing, education, and protection to freed slaves after the Civil War.
George McClellan Union commander of the Army of the Potomac who was fired by President Lincoln after the Battle of Antietam, but later challenged Lincoln as a Democrat in the Election of 1864.
Gettysburg 1863 - Battle where George Meade led the Army of the Potomac to defeat Lee's invasion of Pennsylvania - Turning Point of the war.
Gettysburg Address 1863 - Speech by President Lincoln to motivate northerners to see the war to its end so freedom would be expanded and democracy would be saved.
Jefferson Davis President of the Confederacy during the Civil War.
John Wilkes Booth Confederate sympathizer who assassinated President Lincoln at Ford's Theater in 1865.
Ku Klux Klan Group who fought the policies of Reconstruction to maintain white control of the South by the Democratic Party.
Loyalty Oath A pledge to no longer fight against the U.S. and its government and to accept proclamations made about slavery.
March to the Sea Advance across Georgia and into the Carolinas by Union troops who focused on the destruction of military and civilian property.
Military Reconstruction Act 1867 - Act by Radical Republicans to place federal troops into Southern states until they accepted the 14th Amendment and 15th Amendment.
New York City Location of violent 1863 riots by northerners who opposed the military draft.
Petersburg 1864 - 1865 - Siege where Grant led the Army of the Potomac to weaken Lee's army and cut supplies to Richmond.
Phil Sheridan Union general who won the battles of Third Winchester and Cedar Creek and then destroyed farms, crops, and livestock in the Shenandoah Valley.
Radical Amendments Changes to the Constitution by Radical Republicans during Reconstruction - The 14th Amendment and 15th Amendment.
Radical Republicans Group in Congress who opposed President Lincoln and President Johnson because they were too easy on Southerners during Reconstruction.
Reconstruction Time period where Confederate states were brought back into the Union after the Civil War.
Restoration Program President Johnson's plan of amnesty for most former Confederates - Except for high ranking officers and those who owned over $20,000 in property - and to require Southern states ratify the 13th Amendment.
Richmond Confederate capital in the Civil War.
Robert E. Lee Confederate general who led the Army of Northern Virginia during the Civil War.
Rutherford B. Hayes U.S. President (Republican, 1877 - 1885) - Made an agreement to remove federal troops from the South to get elected.
Ten Percent Plan President Lincoln's plan of amnesty for most Confederates and to require 10% of a state's population to take an oath of loyalty.
The Burning The destruction of crops, livestock, and farms in the Shenandoah Valley by Union troops in 1864.
The Seven Days 1862 - Battles where Confederate attacks by Lee forced the Army of the Potomac led by McClellan to retreat from Richmond.
Total War Strategy used by Ulysses S. Grant to deplete Confederate armies, economic resources, and civilians to win the war.
Ulysses S. Grant Union general who won victories out West and ultimately defeated Lee in Virginia to win the Civil War.
Union States that remained loyal to the United States during the Civil War.
Union Strategy Blockade Southern ports and to divide the Confederacy by capturing the Mississippi River - "Anaconda Plan".
Vicksburg 1863 - Battle where Ulysses S. Grant led Union forces to gain control over the Mississippi River.
Washington D.C. Union capital in the Civil War.
William Tecumseh Sherman Union general who led Union troops to capture Atlanta and March to the Sea.
Created by: MhsUSHistory
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