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Bio Exam Review
Biology Test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the types of environments in the biosphere | Land environments (deserts, grasslands, forests) Water environment (oceans, rivers, lakes) Atmosphere Body of organisms (inside nose) |
| In biodiversity was is the importance of the variation between poles | There seems to more biodiversity near the equator and then it gradually decreases the closer you get to the poles |
| What are the unifying themes in biology pt.1 | 1- all organisms share certain characteristics 2- all levels of life have systems of related parts 3- structure and function are related in bio structures are designed according to what they do |
| What are the unifying themes in biology pt.2 | 4- Organisms must maintain homeostasis to survive- balance a set of internal conditions 5- Evolution (change over time) explains the unity & diversity of life |
| What are the unifying themes in biology pt.3 | 6- Unity & diversity -all organisms have similarities, such as cell structure & chemical processes which form a common evolutionary descent |
| What are the characteristics of living things? | Homeostasis, organization, made of cells, metabolism, growth & development, adaption, respond, reproduction, and movement |
| maintaining an internal balance or set of conditions | homeostasis |
| Order internally and externally, specific shape and structure | Organization |
| Unicellular or multicellular contain smallest unit that can perform all | Made of cells |
| Carry on chemical reactions that maintain life (ex. digestion; using energy) | Metabolism |
| Increase in size (growth- by adding new cells); and goes through changes to become adult organisms | Growth & Development |
| Change in traits through time; evolve; species change not individuals | Adaptations |
| React to changes in the environment; other living things | Respond |
| Producing offspring like the adult | Reproduction |
| Initiated by action of organisms | Movement |
| What are the steps of the scientific method? | Observing, ask questions, hypothesizing, experimenting, collect and analyze data, draw conclusion, report result, and retest |
| -imagery includes x-rays: used for bones & teeth magnetic resonance imaging (mri: used for soft tissues, such as ligaments, and brian) | Medical imagery |
| Takes readings of data as temp, pH which allows more efficient data analysis and identify patterns | Probeware |
| used to model anything that is not practical or ethical to do in the real world | Computer model |
| What are the limitations of computer models? | Cannot exactly replicate the system it is showing |
| What are the risks of biotechnology? | ethical concerns, privacy, potential negative health and environmental, concerns such as genetically modified plants |
| What are the benefits of biotechnology? | Genetic screening for diseases, transgenic organisms to treat diseases such as diabetes (microbes that make insulin) increase nutrients and yields of crops |
| How is biology used to inform daily decisions? | - helps you make better consumer choices -recycling decisions/ practices -Knowledge helps us make info decisions -pollution and your health |
| What is cell theory? | 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cell is the basic unit of life 3. All cells come from preexisting cells (virchow) |
| What are prokaryotes? & example | No nucleus No membrane bound organelles (ex. Bacteria & Algae) |
| What are eukaryotes? & example | True nucleus Membrane bound organelles (Ex. Humans & Plants) |
| In 1665 he was the first to describes cells. Name & discover them, also wrote a book called micrographia on cells | Robert Hooke |
| First person to see living cells in the mid 1600s | Antón Van Leeuwenhoek |
| Observed many plants had cells | Matthias Schleiden |
| Varieties of animals had cells | Theadore Schwann |
| All cells come from preexisting cells | Virchow |
| Organelles in animals | Centrioles, pinocytic vesicle |
| Organelles in plants | Chloroplasts |
| Outer boundaries of animals | Cell membrane |
| Outer boundaries of plants | Cell wall |
| Shapes of Animals' cells | Round-ish |
| Shapes of plants' cells | Angular |
| Size of animal cells | smaller |
| Size of plant cells | larger |
| Color of plant cells | Green |
| Color of animal cells | colorless |
| Vacuoles in plant cells | 1 large |
| Vacuoles in animal cells | Several small |
| the movement of individual molecules of a substance through a semipermeable barrier from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration | diffusion |
| what factors that influence rates of diffusion | The greater the difference in concentration, the quicker the rate of diffusion. |
| What are the 3 states of matter and examples of each | -solids- rocks -liquids- water -gases- atmosphere |
| What is the compositions of compounds | Two or more elements substances that form them occur in the same proportions |
| What is a covalent bond? | Strongest bond, 2 elements share one or more pairs of outer electrons, hydrogen has one place on its ring to accept another electron (2 shared electrons) |
| Example of covalent bond? | Water |
| What is an ionic bond? | Weaker bond, held by attraction between 2 oppositely charged ions |
| Example of ionic bond? | Salt |
| Atom or molecule with an electric charge, resulting from a gain or loss of one or more electrons | Ion |
| Example of ion? | Sodium, chloride |
| A type of catalyst proteins that speeds up the chemical reaction ut does not get used up in the reaction | Enzymes |
| What does it mean that the cell membrane is 'selectively permeable'? | It only lets certain molecules across the cell membrane |
| What is active transport and what does it need. | It needs energy input from the cell and it enables a cell to move a substance against concentration gradient |
| Passive transport does not require what? | Energy input from the cell |
| BLANK uses electrons and computers to magnify specimens and produce 2-dimensional images and cannot be used to observe living specimen | Transmission electron microscope (TEM) |
| Keeping things the same | Homeostasis |
| All living things maintain a balance within their cells and the environment through the process of | Homeostasis |
| An isotope of hydrogen has additional | Neutrons |
| What os formed when an atom gains or loses electrons. (ex. when sodium gives up an electron) | ion |
| Atoms in molecules shares pairs of electrons when they make | Covalent bonds |
| b/c carbon has 4 electrons in its outer energy level... | It has 4 places on its outer shell/ orbit to combine with other elements |
| Which of the following solutions has the highest H ion (hydronion) concentration | A solutions with a pH of 1 |
| Biotechnology is based on | Living things and biological processes |
| To produce an image electron microscopes use | beam of electrons and magnets |
| members of a what should e able to produce together | species |
| What type of imaging is used to view a cross section of the brain and can show soft tissues and dense tissues | MRI |
| DO THE LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION OF THE BIOSPHERE | |
| What are the 4 main types of carbon-based molecules in organisms | proteins |
| A neutral solutions has an equal number of | hydroxide- OH and hydronium- H+ ions |
| The term base refers to solutions that | contain more hydroxide- OH than hydronium- H+ ions |
| A solution with a pH of 11 is | A base |
| Acidic solutions have a pH that is | between 0 and 14 |
| Substances are changed into different substances when bonds break and form during | Chemical reactions |
| Water is a polar molecule because | Different parts of the molecule have slightly different charges |
| Chemical reactions that absorb more energy than they release are called | Endothermic |
| All organic compounds contain a chain of the element | C |
| The activation energy needed for a chemical reaction is decreased by a | catalyst |
| Name a carbohydrate | Starch |
| Which organic molecule is the monomer for proteins | Amino acids |
| Name some lipids | Starch saturated fats corn oil |
| Nucleic acids include | DNA and RNA |
| Carbon atoms can bond together to form | ring structures branched structure straight chain structures |
| Chemical bonds that involve the transfer of electrons from one group of atoms to another | ionic bonds |
| name a combination of particle and charge | proton: positively charged |
| What molecule stores hereditary info | DNA |
| What is the monomer of carbohydrates | glucose |
| What is the strongest type of bond | covalent bond |
| Identify the products in this reaction: 6H2O+6CO 2------> C6H12O6+6O 2 | C6H12O6+6O2 |
| Which property causes water to form beads by attaching to itself | Cohesion |
| Activation energy is the energy required to | Start a chemical reaction |
| A substance made of atoms of different elements bonded together in certain ratio is called | Compound |
| Which property allows water to resist changes in temperature | High specific heat |
| What is the main function of carbs | provide energy |
| What is the basic unit of matter | Atom |
| What type of bond forms between oppositely charged ions | ionic |
| Name some macromolecules | Carbs Nucleic acids proteins |
| An acidic solution is one that has more _______________ions ______________ ions | hydronium hydroxide |
| A solution with a pH of 3 has _________ times more hydronium ions than a solution with a pH of 6 | 1,000 |
| What is the monomer of protien | Amino Acids |
| What molecule is released when polymers are formed | Water |
| What does HONC stand for | Hydrogen Oxygen Nitrogen Carbon |
| Is a protein a monomer or a polymer | Polymer |
| What does not use energy | Diffusion |
| Water moves into a cell when the solution surrounding the cell is | hypotonic |
| T or F Osmosis a type of active transport is the movement of water from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration | F |
| Osmosis is the movement of water that is a type of active transport | F |
| Is endocytosis active or passive transport | Active |
| What is an example of a prokaryotic cell | Bacteria |
| CELL CHART | |
| Proteins are made on the | ribosomes |
| Plants cells have what | chloroplasts and a cell wall |
| How many parents does Asexual reproduction involve | One parent |
| How many parents does sexual reproduction involve | Two organisms |
| Are gametes produced in Asexual reproduction | no |
| Are gametes produced in sexual reproduction | yes |
| Are Asexual organism's offspring genetically identical to the parent | Yes |
| Are sexual organism's offspring genetically identical to the parent | no |
| How is cell division in asexual reproduction | only mitotic |
| How is cell division in sexual reproduction | Gametes are produced by meiotic divisions and zygotic develops by mitotic division |
| Programmed cell death | Apoptosis |
| Why does Apoptosis happen | - normal feature in healthy organisms -caused by a cell's production of self-destructive enzymes -occurs in development of infants |
| uncontrolled cell division | cancer |
Created by:
astei
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