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| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| baby bust | after a baby boom; any period marked by a greatly decreased birth rate. |
| birth deficit | slow down of birth caused by war and separation of the sexes during conflict |
| cohort | A group of individuals of the same age. |
| demographic balancing equation | births – deaths + immigration – emigration |
| demographic transition model | a model of how the size of a population changes as a country develops its economy |
| Doubling Time | The number of years needed to double a population, assuming a constant rate of natural increase. |
| Ecumene | The portion of Earth's surface occupied by permanent human settlement. |
| epidemiological transition model | distinctive causes of death in each stage of the demographic transition |
| Malthusian Theory | the idea that population is growing faster than the food supply needed to sustain it |
| Zero Population Growth (ZPG) | A decline in the total fertility rate to the point where the natural increase rate equals zero. |
| Crude Birth Rate (CBR) | The total number of live births in a year for every 1000 people alive in the society. |
| Crude Death Rate (CDR) | The total number of deaths in a year for every 1000 people alive in the society. |
| Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) | The total number of deaths in a year among infants under one year old for every 1000 live births in a society. |
| Life Expectancy | The average number of years an individual can be expected to live, given current social, economic, and medical conditions. Life expectancy at birth is the average number of years a newborn infant can expect to live. |
| Maternal Mortality Rate | The number of women, per thousand, who die during childbirth. |
| Natural Increase Rate (NIR) | The percentage growth of a population in a year, computed as the crude birth rate minus the crude death rate. |
| Population density | Number of individuals per unit area |
| Population distribution | The arrangement or spread of people living in a given area |
| Population Pyramid | A bar graph representing the distribution of population by age and sex. |
| Total Fertility Rate (TFR) | The average number of children a woman will have throughout her childbearing years. |
| Agricultural Density | The ratio of the number of farmers to the total amount of land suitable for agriculture. |
| Arithmetic Density | The total number of people divided by the total land area. |
| Physiological Density | The number of people per unit of area of arable land, which is land suitable for agriculture. |
| Carrying Capacity | Largest number of individuals of a population that a environment can support |
| Overpopulation | The number of people in an area exceeds the capacity of the environment to support life at a decent standard of living. |
| Dependency Ratio | The number of people under the age of 15 and over the age 64, compared to the number of people active in the labor force. |
| Dependent population | those who rely on the working population for support e.g. the young and elderly |
| Baby boom | a temporary marked increase in the birth rate, especially the one following World War II. |
| Pandemic | Disease that occurs over a wide geographic area and affects a very high proportion of the population. |
| Aging Population | people aged 65 and over. |
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