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Imperialism
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Definition of imperialism | When a nation extends its control over another country's government economy |
| Mother country | Conquering country |
| Colonies | Acquired territories |
| Colonial powers | Britain, Spain and Portugal |
| New Imperialism | Begins in mid 19th century. Led by Britain and France. USA, Germany. Italy, Russia and Japan joined later. |
| Factors of imperialism | Economic, religious, political and Ideological |
| Economic factor | Industrialisation, demand for natural resources increased as well as places to trade manufactured goods |
| Religious factor | Converting native people into Christianity was used as a justification for imperialism |
| Political factor | Nationalism, the prestige of possessing colonies increased nationalist sentiment and competition between powers |
| Ideological | Racism. “The White Man’s Burden”. That whites had a moral obligation to bring civilisation to the “savages” in the global south |
| Direct rule | Colony controlled by a foreign central authority |
| Indirect rule | The imperial power exploits existing power structures in the colony to rule. (using local leaders). A “protectorate” is an example of indirect rule. |
| Spheres of influence | Independent powers forced to give up trade advantages to an imperial power |
| What was the largest empire in the world? | The British Empire |
| Who was Britain ruled by in the 19th century? | Queen Victoria |
| What and why did Queen Victoria call India? | Jewel in the crown of the British empire because of its value |
| What did Britain conquer? | Suez Canal, surrounding territoires in Asia, Eastern Africa along the Nile, most of Southern Africa, Canada and most of Oceania |
| What was the second largest empire in the world during the 19th century? | France |
| What did France conquer? | Algeria, Tunisia, territories in central and western Africa, Indochina (Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia) |
| What did Italy conquer? | Libya, Somalia, Eritrea |
| What did Germany conquer? | East Africa (Tanzania), South-West Africa(Namibia), Cameroon |
| Who won the Spanish-American war 1898? | USA. They acquired Guam, Puerto Rico and the Philippines, and later, Cuba. |
| What was the Berlin conference of 1884? | A meeting between the imperial powers to resolve their imperialistic disputes. Seen as the begining of the "Scramble for Africa" since the Imperial powes divided up |
| What did the mother country have no interest in? | Developing industry in the colonies |
| What was the economy based on? | Plantation agriculture and the extraction of minerals like gold, diamonds and coal |
| What did private companies do? | They took land from the indigenous population and created rubber, coffee and tea plantations |
| What happened to the local artisans? | They became poor because they could not compete with the low prices of European products. |
| What source did Indigenous people provide? | They provided a source of cheap labour in conditions similar to slavery |
| What did Colonial powers do? | They built railways and ports, but only to meet their own needs, such as transporting resources and products to and from the other mother country |
| What did Colonisation cause? | A sharp demographic decilne in native populations |
| Why was this decline caused? | New diseases natives had no immunity to. Famine and other diseases, and colonial actions like war killed many. |
| How did traditional societies change? | Colonisers became the new elite, native people were considered inferior and became marginalised, they were forced to live in undeveloped areas, refused entry from certain places, etc. |
| Ho were traditional cultures supressed? | Western customs where forced on the Indigenous people and people's clothes, beliefs and languages were transformed |
Created by:
alejandra1211
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