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AP Government Unit 2
Exam Review
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Articles of Confederation | most power left to states-very weak central government One House Congress-no executive or judicial No ability to enforce commerce power(no power to regulate interstate trade)-or taxation |
| Shay's Rebellion | sparks the calling of the Constitutional Convention. Demonstrated inability to effectively deal with military threats |
| 3/5's Compromise | counted every 5 people forced to provide slave labor counted as 3 individuals in a state’s population for the purposes of taxation and representation |
| Commerce Compromise | national government regulates interstate and foreign trade; states regulate trade within their borders; the national government can't tax exports |
| Great Compromise (Connecticut Compromise) | creates the modern Congress |
| Bill of Rights | the first ten amendments to the US Constitution, ratified in 1791 and guaranteeing such rights as the freedoms of speech, assembly, and worship |
| Federalists | supporters of Constitution/ did not want Bill of Rights |
| Anti-Federalists | tended to oppose The Constitution-would only support it with a Bill of Rights |
| Federalism | Division of Power between the national (federal) and state governments-who does what-sometimes creates conflict-IS ALSO CREATES INCONSISTENT POLICY but also allows states to create policies that better fit that state specifically. |
| Separation of Powers | division of power between different branches of government (conflicts can occur when 1 branch of gov’t attempts to perform the duties of another branch-Presidents and Executive Orders bypassing Congress |
| Checks and Balances | Occurs when one branch of government is given the power to limit the powers of another branch. (Congress can impeach and remove a president-president can veto laws passed by congress etc |
| Judicial Review | power of the Supreme Court to rule on the constitutionality of government actions-Marbury v Madison |
| Supremacy Clause | US Constitution and laws of the national government superior to the states. If both the national and state governments are exercising legitimate power-the national government normally wins |
| House Term of Office | 2 years |
| Senate Term of Office | 6 years |
| Reapportionment | he process of dividing seats for the House among the 50 states following the decennial census |
| Census | An official count or survey of a population, typically recording various details of individuals |
| Filibuster | The Senate tradition of unlimited debate has allowed for the use of the filibuster, a loosely defined term for action designed to prolong debate and delay or prevent a vote on a bill, resolution, amendment, or other debatable question |
| Congressional Immunity | protection for members of Congress-can’t be arrested going to and from meetings of Congress-can’t be held liable for what they say on the floor of Congress |
| Quorum | a majority of members needed to carry out official business |
| House Ways and Means Committee | ALL TAX LEGISLATION MUST START IN THE HOUSE (REQUIRED BY THE CONSTITUTION)-HENCE ALL TAX LEGISLATION STARTS IN THIS COMMITTEE |
| General Welfare Clause | Congress's power to tax and spend money for the general welfare of the US |
| Commerce Power | Congress's power to regulate interstate and foreign trade |
| Necessary and Proper Clause (Elastic Clause) | Congress should have the power to make all laws necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers |
| Expressed Powers | POWERS THAT ARE GIVEN TO CONGRESS DIRECTLY BY THE CONSTITUTION |
| Implied Powers | POWERS THAT CONGRESS HAS EXTENDED THROUGH THE ELASTIC CLAUSE |
| Writ of Habeas Corpus | court order requiring charges-evidence-to detain an individual in jail |
| 22nd Amendment | permits the vice president to become acting president if both the vice president and the president's cabinet determine that the president is disabled. The amendment also outlines how a recuperated president can reclaim the job |
| Executive Order | a rule or regulation issued by the president that has the effect of law. |
| Inherent Powers | powers that a soveriegn entity can assume to have as a necessary to the working ability of the government or office. Like the president's ability to send troops to invade a country when no war has been declared. |
| Clemency Powers | general term for the president's power to grant forgiveness for a crime in whole or in part |
| Bully Pulpit | ABILITY TO COMMUNICATE WITH THE PUBLIC-TRY TO GET PUBLIC SUPPORT FOR POLICY AS A WAY TO PRESSURE CONGRESS |
| Treaty | require Senate ratification: 2/3s majority vote |
| Executive Agreement | no Senate ratification required |
| Diplomatic Recognition | RECOGNIZE A FOREIGN GOVERNMENT AS LEGITIMATE |
| Impeachment | Requires House majority vote |
| Removal | Senate holds trial and takes a 2/3s majority vote |
| Lifetime Appointments | PURPOSE TO REDUCE POLITICAL and PUBLIC PRESSURE ON THE COURTS |
| Original Jurisdiction | power to hear cases first |
| Appellate Jurisdiction | review lower court decisions |
| Full Faith and Credit Clause | states must accept the official acts, records, laws etc…. of other states |
| Privileges and Immunities | people from other states must be treated basically the same as those living in a particular state |
| Proposing Amending the Constitution | 2/3s vote in both houses of Congress |
| Ratification of Amendments | 3/4s of the states’ legislatures |
| Article 5 Convention | 2/3s of the states can call for a constitutional convention which would propose amendments-then could be ratified by 3/4s of the states |
| Override Veto | 2/3s MAJORITY VOTE IN BOTH HOUSES |
| Congressional Oversight | Investigate how the Executive Branch is enforcing laws-includes Power of the Purse-can cut off funding |
| Cabinet and Court Nominations | must be confirmed by Senate |
Created by:
rcooke
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