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S.S. Midterm
2022 Social Studies Midterm Review
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Jamestown | 1st permanent english settlement in the New world, is an example of a joint stock company, people suffered many hardships, saved by John Smith, when he left because of injury they endured the starving time, then John Rolfe came with tobacco and the colony |
| Plymouth | founded by the Pilgrims, mayflower compact, thanksgiving happened here when the Natives helped the New Settlers learn how to hunt/farm/fish |
| Starving Time | When the settlers ran out of food after John Smith left, they resorted to cannibalism and fought with the Indians again |
| Pilgrims | wanted to break away from the Church of England, were facing religious persecution in England led by William Bradford |
| Puritans | wanted to change the Church of England, were facing religious persecution in England, led by John Winthrop |
| Dutch Colony | New York (New Netherlands) |
| Meaning of "City upon a Hill," who said it, and where | John Winthrop, he wanted the Massachusetts bay Colony to be an example for everyone else |
| Debtor Colony and it's leader | Georgia, James Oglethorpe, meant to be a barrier between Florida (spanish) and South Carolina and as a place for people who were in debt |
| Mayflower Compact | 1st example of democracy/majority rule in the colonies/new world, Pilgrims set it up as their government |
| Which colony was referred to as the Breadbasket and why | Pennsylvania because they produced/grew so much wheat/grain |
| Separatists | Religious groups that came to America for religious freedom, ex. Pilgrims |
| Non-Separatists | Came to America under English law with an english charter |
| House of Burgesses | First representative government in the new world, met once a year and didn’t have to follow laws from england |
| Representative Government | where a group of leaders come together to form laws |
| Navigation Acts | Laws passed to make sure England made money off the colonies, said that trade had to be done using their ships, raw materials could only be sold to them, european imports had to passed through England, england could tax goods not from or going to Europe |
| Smuggling | importing/exporting goods illegally |
| The Great Awakening | Religious revival in the english colonies during 1730s-40s |
| Effects of the Great Awakening | Church attendance went up, religious freedom, new denominations, people thought for themselves, united the colonies |
| Albany Plan of Union | Proposed by Franklin, wanted to unite all 13 colonies under a shared government, failed because colonies didn’t want to give up some of their powers |
| Battle of Quebec | French and Indian war, after this battle the french surrendered and the war ended |
| Proclamation of 1763 | forbade colonists to settle west of the Appalachian Mountains to reduce conflict with the natives |
| Results of The French and Indian War | The Treaty of Paris, increased respect for the american militia, made the British have more respect for Americans, the colonists realized the British were not invincible |
| The Treaty of Paris | ended the French and Indian war. 1763, caused the french to lose all of it's territory in America to spain/england |
| The Stamp Act | put a tax on all paper products, england wanted to pay for troops, many protested it, the sons of liberty were formed, eventually England took it away |
| Committees of Correspondence | would communicate and coordinate with each other and act as a backup government, organized by Sam Adams |
| Sons of Liberty | formed by sam adams and john hancock, boycotted unfair British taxes and goods |
| Boycott | Refusal to buy a good or service to force a policy change |
| Shot Heard Around the World | First shot of the revolutionary war, at the Battles of Lexington and Concord |
| Enslaved African Americans in the Revolutionary War: With whom did they ally? Why? | Most joined the British because they offered freedom to them |
| Tea Act | When the British gave the British east India Company a monopoly on Tea Sales in America |
| Monopoly | When one company has total control of a market |
| First shots of the American Revolution: where and by whom? | No one knows who fired the shot, but it was fired at Lexington |
| Declaration of Independence | Thomas Jefferson wrote the first draft that was revised by Congress and then passed Said that they were equal and that they were separate from england |
| Significance of the Battle of Saratoga | Convinced france to form an alliance with the colonists, and was the first time a British army surendered to the colonists, considered the turning point of the war |
| Francis Marion | Nicknamed Swamp Fox because British column’t catch him in South Carolina |
| Benedict Arnold | Helped out the colonists during the war, but eventually betrayed them |
| Why was the Declaration of Independence written? | It was meant to declare the colonists independence from Britain |
| Turning Point of the War | Battle of Saratoga |
| Reasons America won the Revolution | The British were surrounded by the colonists and were outnumbered, they had also been suffering many losses for three weeks, because of this Cornwallis surrendered on October 19, 1781 |
| Siege | A tactic where you surround your enemy, they starve and then give up |
| Virginia Plan | written by James Madison, said the government should have 3 branches (legislative, executive, judicial), supported by the big states and said that Congress would be based off population |
| New Jersey Plan | written by William Patterson, small states supported it and it said that congress would be equal for all states |
| Rights vs responsibilities of citizens | Rights are protected by the law, responsibilities are the duties of a citizen in order to keep the government together (voting, working) |
| 1st admendment | Press, speech, assembly, petition, religion |
| Ratification | The act of signing or approving a document |
| Why did some people oppose ratification of the Constitution | It didn’t have a bill of rights and felt it would give to much power to the government and not the states |
| The meaning of the Preamble | Explains the people gives the constitution it’s power, and explains the purpose of the constitution and government |
| Purpose of the constitution | Keeps the states together, makes laws and courts that are fair, keeps peace, protects the country from attack, makes sure citizens are always going to be free |
| Why were the Articles of Confederation considered weak? | They gave to much power to the states instead of the government, causing the government to be almost useless and the country wasn’t staying together |
| Shay’s Rebellion | The government couldn’t stop it and instead the militia of massachusetts was called in to stop it |
| 3/5 compromise | Said that 3 out of 5 slaves would be counted for representation and taxation within the states |
| Alien and Sedition Acts | Targeted aliens, they had to wait 14 years to become a citizen, outlawed sedition (against the 1st amendment) Led to the KY and VA resolutions (written by TJ and JM) |
| Sedition | Stirring up rebellion against the government |
| Aliens | Immigrants who weren’t citizens yet |
| George Washington’s Farewell Address | Warned against political parties and making alliances with foreign countries, also he set a precedent by only serving 2 terms |
| Whiskey Rebellion | Showed that the new government could keep order and law |
| XYZ Affair | When 3 unnamed officials from France came to Pinckney, Marshall, and Gerry’s room, 3 representatives in France to make negotiations, and told that negotiations would not happen until the US gave them a 10 mill loan and a 250,000 bribe |
| Effects of the XYZ Affair | caused the americans to want war, but Adams didn’t and lost the support of the Federalists |
| Election of 1800 | Candidates- John Adams and Pinckney for the Federalists and Jefferson and Aaron Burr for the Democratic Republicans Jefferson and Burr tied causing the House to vote 35 ties until Hamilton bad-mouthed Burr and made Jefferson win Barbary States |
Created by:
EllieKate27
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