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Unit 3 Vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| culture | all the knowledge and values shared and transmitted by a community |
| culture trait | The specific customs that are part of the everyday life of a particular culture (language, religion, ethnicity, social institutions, and aspects of popular culture.) |
| architecture | the art or practice of designing and constructing buildings; building design and materials will vary based upon culture and location. |
| cultural relativism | Understanding a culture on its own terms rather than judging it by the standards or customs of one's own culture. |
| Ethnocentrism | the feeling that one's own ethnic group is superior. |
| postmodern architecture | a style of building design that embraces individualism and experimentation. It emerged as a movement against traditional, classical styles and sought to make buildings dynamic and fun while breaking the rules. |
| ethnicity | a social division based on national origin, religion, language and often race |
| gender | male female |
| ethnic neighborhood | An area within a city containing members of the same ethnic background. |
| indigenous community | communities that live within/attached to geographically distinct traditional habitats or ancestral territories, and who identify themselves as being part of a distinct cultural group. |
| cultural landscape | the visible imprint of human activity and culture on the landscape |
| linguistic | Study of the character and spatial pattern of dialects and languages of a speech community |
| sequent occupancy | the notion that successive societies leave their cultural imprints on a place, each contributing to the cumulative cultural landscape |
| traditional architecture | traditional building styles of different cultures, religions, and places |
| sense of place | Feelings are evoked by people as a result of certain experiences and memories associated with a particular place. |
| place making | The deliberate shaping of an environment to facilitate social interaction and improve a community's quality of life. |
| centripetal force | an attitude that unifies people and enhances support for a state (it stabilizes and strengthens the country and create a sense of unity.) |
| centrifugal force | forces or attitudes that tend to divide a state. |
| relocation diffusion | The spread of an idea through physical movement of people from one place to another. |
| expansion diffusion | The spread of an innovation or an idea through a population in an area in such a way that the number of those influenced grows continuously larger, resulting in an expanding area of dissemination. |
| contagious diffusion | the rapid, widespread diffusion of a feature or trend throughout a population |
| hierarchical diffusion | the spread of a feature or trend from one key person or node of authority or power to other persons or places |
| stimulus diffusion | when an idea diffuses from its cultural hearth outward, but the original idea is changed by the new adopters |
| language family | a collection of languages related to each other through a common ancestor long before recorded history |
| language dialect | regional variety of a language distinguished by vocabulary, spelling, and pronunciation. |
| cultural hearth | a place of origin for a widespread cultural trend. |
| Indo-European language family | a family of several hundred related languages and dialects, including most major languages in Europe, Iran, and northern India, and historically also predominant in Anatolia and Central Asia |
| Toponym | the name by which a geographical place is known. |
| universalizing religion | Religions that attempt to be global, to appeal to all people, wherever they may live in the world, not just to those of one culture |
| Christianity | a monotheistic system of beliefs and practices based on the Old Testament and the teachings of Jesus of Nazareth as embodied in the New Testament, emphasizing the role of Jesus as savior. |
| Islam | the religion of the Muslims, a monotheistic faith regarded as revealed through Muhammad as the Prophet of Allah. |
| Buddhism | teaching of Buddha that life is permeated with suffering caused by desire, that suffering ceases when desire cease |
| Sikhism | a monotheistic religion founded in Punjab in the 15th century by Guru Nanak. (combination of Hinduism and Islam) |
| ethnic religion | relate closely to culture, ethnic heritage, and to the physical geography of a particular place (appeal to only one group) |
| Hinduism | a religion and philosophy developed in ancient India, characterized by a belief in reincarnation and a supreme being who takes many forms |
| Judaism | the monotheistic religion of the Jews having its spiritual and ethical principles embodied chiefly in the Torah and in the Talmud |
| Creolization | The process in which two or more languages converge and form a new language |
| lingua franca | a language used among speakers of different languages for the purposes of trade and commerce |
| colonialism | the process by which one nation exercises near complete control over another country which they have settled and taken over |
| imperialism | a policy in which a strong nation seeks to dominate other countries politically, socially, and economically |
| Trade | Exchange of goods and services |
| urbanization | the process of making an area more urban |
| Globalization | actions or processes that involve the entire world and result in making something worldwide in scope |
| time-space convergence | the idea that distance between some places is actually shrinking as technology enables more rapid communication and increased interaction among those places |
| cultural convergence | the tendency for cultures to become more similar as they increasingly share technology in a modern world by improved transportation/communication systems. |
| cultural divergence | the likelihood or tendency for cultures to become increasingly dissimilar with the passage of time/the restriction of a culture from outside influences |
| assimilation | the process through which people lose originality differentiating traits, such as dress, speech, particularities, or mannerisms, when they come into contact with another society or culture |
| syncretism | a blending of beliefs and practices from different religions into one faith |
| Multiculturalism | culture found in a large, heterogeneous society that shares certain habits despite differences in other personal characteristics |
| acculturation | The adoption of cultural traits, such as language, by one group under the influence of another |
| popular culture | cultural patterns that are widespread among a society's population |
Created by:
ymillee
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