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Module 6 (2 of 2)
Civil Rights Movement
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Brown v. Board of Education | Court case that ruled that segregation in public schools is unconstitutional. Forces Southern states to desegregate schools, angering southerners and leading to more all white private schools |
| Plessy v. Ferguson | Court cases that set the precedent of "separate but equal". Is invalidated by Brown v. Board of Education |
| Malcolm X | Civil Rights leader and leader of the Black Power Movement. Believed that Black Americans should separate from white society and argued with MLK who believed in equality for all |
| Thurgood Marshall | First black Supreme Court Justice and became known for his work the Brown v. Board case |
| Martin Luther King, Jr. | Civil Rights leader who led the Montgomery Bus Boycotts and Selma Marches, among others. Believed in a society where all races live in harmony |
| Rosa Parks | Got the Civil Rights Movement started after refusing to get off a Montgomery bus, leading to the Montgomery Bus Boycotts |
| Bull Connor | Birmingham Safety Commissioner who attacked Freedom Riders and forcibly stopped the first Selma march |
| George Wallace | Governor of Alabama who proclaimed "Segregation now, segregation tomorrow, segregation forever" |
| Orval Faubus | Governor of Arkansas who refused to allow black students into Little Rock Central High School. Fought against Pres. Eisenhower who commanded the National Guard to protect black students |
| Strom Thurmond | Senator from South Carolina who ran for president under his own party because the Democrats were becoming less racist, called the Dixiecrats |
| Montgomery Bus Boycotts | Boycotts started after Rosa Parks refused to get off a bus. Also included MLK and led to desegregation of the bus system |
| Clinton 12 | First students to desegregate a high school in Tennessee. Students met with much resistance and Clinton High School was later bombed in retaliation |
| Little Rock 9 | First students to desegregate a school in Arkansas. Gov. Faubus commands the National Guard to keep them from entering and Pres. Eisenhower reverses the order and commands them to protect the 9. Faubus closes the school after the school year |
| Freedom Riders | White and black protesters who rode on segregated buses in protest of southern segregationist policies. Met violently by Bull Connor |
| Fayette County Tent City | After black Americans began registering to vote in Memphis, homeowners began evicting them in protest. Over 1,400 Black Americans respond by setting up a tent city outside of Memphis |
| Sit-ins | Passive protest that involves Black Americans sitting-in restaurants and theaters that normally wouldn't welcome them. Large sit-ins occur in Nashville and Greenville, SC |
| March on Washington, D.C. | Led by Civil Rights leaders (MLK) who wanted to pressure Congress into passing the Civil Rights Act. MLK gives his "I Have a Dream" speech |
| 16th Street Baptist Church Bombing | 1963 bombing that killed 4 girls, perpetrated by KKK members. Leads white Americans to more vocally support civil rights |
| Assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr. | Killed by James Earl Ray in April 1964. MLK's death fractures the Civil Rights Movement |
| Highlander Folk School | Tennessee-based school that taught leaders such as Rosa Parks and MLK the importance of passive, nonaggressive protest. |
| Civil Rights Act of 1964 | Signed by LBJ. Makes segregation by race, gender, religion, nationality illegal in all public places |
| Voting Rights Act of 1965 | Signed by LBJ. Gives the U.S. gov. more power in registering black voters and outlaws writing and literacy tests before voting |
| 24th Amendment | Makes poll taxes illegal (taxes paid before voting - discriminated against poor, black Americans) |
| Civil Rights Act of 1968 (Fair Housing Act) | Prohibits discrimination in the sale, rental, and financing of a house |
| American Indian Movement | Native American movement that brought attention to poverty, police brutality, and discrimination faced by American Indians. Leads to a group taking over Alcatraz Island in San Francisco |
| Chicano Movement | Movement led by Caesar Chaves that fought against discrimination of Mexican Americans. Leads to better working rights among Mexican American, especially in agriculture |
| Feminist Movement | Second Wave Feminism - fought for women's rights in the workplace, in marriage, and with reproductive rights |
| Title IX | Federal law that prohibits sex discrimination in public schools and universities. Leads to more women in college and more women playing college sports |
| Roe v. Wade | Court case that established that women could legally have an abortion |
| Selma to Montgomery Marches | Marches that protested the lack of voting rights in Selma, AL. The first day is met with intense violence that horrifies the nation, leads to the Voting Rights Act |
| Black Panthers | Black Americans tired of police brutality form a party committed to keeping Black Americans safe. Got into several fights with police, FBI |
| Black Power Movement | Movement of Black Americans tired of peaceful protests, begin listening to the words of Malcolm X. Leads to increased black pride, black-owned businesses, Black Panthers. |
Created by:
ahibbett
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