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Module 5
World War II
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Fascism | Far-right, authoritarian government that emphasizes extreme nationalism and militarism and is led by a dictator. Ex: Italy and Germany |
| Communism | Government in which the government holds all property and supplies all basic human needs. There are no social classes and everyone is, theoretically, equal in all ways. Ex: Soviet Union (Russia) |
| Totalitarianism | Form of government where one party controls the entire country and one's private and public live's are all heavily regulated. Ex: Germany, Italy, and the Soviet Union |
| Quarantine Speech | Speech by FDR before WWII where he advocated for the U.S. to contain dangerous countries (Japan; Germany) before a war breaks out |
| Four Freedom's Speech | Speech by FDR before Pearl Harbor where he advocated for the U.S. to move away from neutrality to preserve freedom |
| Atlantic Charter | Statement by the U.S. and UK before the U.S. joined the war. Strengthens the U.S. commitment to the Allies |
| Lend-Lease Act | U.S. program that sent weapons and aid to Allied nations (UK, France, China), angering the Japanese |
| U.S. response to the Holocaust | The U.S., when given the chance, did not aid large numbers of Jewish people during the Holocaust even though we knew of many of the atrocities |
| MS St. Louis | Ship carrying hundreds of Jews that was denied access to the U.S. Demonstrates U.S. attitudes towards helping Jewish people |
| Israel | State created by the United Nations as the home for the Jewish people. Many U.S. and European Jews move there after the war |
| Winston Churchill | Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and primary leader of the Allies in Europe |
| Dwight D. Eisenhower | Supreme Allied Commander in Europe and leader of the North Africa Campaign as well as D-Day |
| Adolf Hitler | Leader of Nazi Germany and primary aggressor in the lead up to WWII |
| Douglas MacArthur | Commander of U.S. forces in the Pacific and later became leader of Occupied Japan after the end of the war |
| George C. Marshall | FDR's Army Chief of Staff and director of America's military build-up before the start of the war |
| Benito Mussolini | Leader of Fascist leader and originator of the fascist ideology of government |
| Franklin D. Roosevelt | President of the U.S. during most of WWII. Was given almost total control of the economy to support the war effort |
| Joseph Stalin | Leader of the Soviet Union and tenuous ally of the U.S. during the war |
| Hideki Tojo | Prime Minister of Japan and primary architect of the attack on Pearl Harbor |
| Harry S. Truman | President of the U.S. after the death of FDR. Significant for his decision to drop the nuclear bombs on Japan instead of opting for an invasion |
| Battle of Midway | U.S. victory and considered the turning point of the war in the war of the Pacific. U.S. sinks multiple Japanese aircraft carriers, removing their ability to take more Pacific islands |
| Battle of Okinawa | U.S. victory that came with a high cost. Convinced U.S. military leaders that an invasion of Japan would cost over one million casualties |
| Battle of Iwo Jima | U.S. victory that put the U.S. within bombing range of major Japanese cities |
| D-Day | June 6th, 1944 - Allied victory starting the liberation of Nazi Europe. Led by Dwight Eisenhower |
| Tuskegee Airmen | All-black Air Force regiment that never lost a plane during the war |
| 442nd Regimental Combat team | Japanese American division that became the most decorated military unit in American history |
| 101st Airborne | U.S. parachutists that famously landed behind enemy lines during D-Day |
| Navajo Code Talkers | American Indian group that created an indecipherable code mainly used in the Pacific Front |
| Women in WWII | Women began taking jobs and leadership roles on the home front while men were fighting overseas |
| Fair Employment Practices Committee | Committee established by FDR that insured that Black Americans were not being discriminated against in government and defense related jobs |
| Double V Campaign | Campaign that fought for an end to racism in Europe (defeating Hitler) and a defeat of racism at home (pushing Civil Rights in America) |
| Japanese Internment | Japanese American living on the West Coast were forced into concentration camps after Pearl Harbor because of a general lack of trust American leaders had for them |
| Korematsu v. United States | Court case that upheld Japanese internment |
| Rationing | U.S. propaganda pushes for rationing metals, food, gas, growing victory gardens, etc. |
| Bond drives | Bond drives were used to continue to fend the war |
| Sun Belt | Region of the Southeastern and Southwestern U.S. where many new defense factories and military bases were built, encouraging more people to move to the South |
| War Production Board | Committee created by FDR that supervised war production and told businesses what to manufacture to support the war effort |
| Manhattan Project | Multiyear-long project headquartered in Oak Ridge that built the world's first nuclear weapon |
| Nuclear Bomb rationale | Truman's rationale for dropping using nuclear weapons was that it would keep the U.S. from having to invade Japan as well as keep the Soviet Union out of Japan as well |
| Yalta Conference | Conference where the Big Three (Churchill, Stalin, Roosevelt) met to discuss what would happen to Nazi Germany and the rest of occupied Europe after the war |
| Potsdam Conference | Conference where the new Big Three (Clement Atlee, Truman, Stalin) met and decided to split Germany into 4 zones. Russia also reaffirmed their promise to invade Japan |
| Cordell Hull | Tennessean and U.S. Secretary of State who helped create the United Nations |
| United Nations | Peace-keeping organization that helps solve international disputes and promotes the safety of human rights (Note: the UN DOES NOT fight Communism) |
| Pearl Habor | December 7th, 1941 - Attack by the Japanese to slow the United States from stopping their conquest of the Pacific Ocean, Leads the U.S. to declare war on Japan and Germany |
Created by:
ahibbett
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