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Module 1
Reconstruction through Westward Expansion
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Transcontinental Railroad | Railroad that linked east coast railroads to the Pacific Ocean. Led to cheaper travel and increased trade. Built by Black Americans and Chinese immigrants |
| Homestead Act | Any citizen could claim 160 acres of land out West if they stayed on it for 5 years. Increased the population out West. |
| Dawes Act | Americans Indians given 160 acres (of their own tribal land) and citizenship if they could farm it for 25 years. Effect: guts tribal land. |
| Carlisle Indian School | Attempt to "Americanize" Indians and force them to drop their old culture |
| Sand Creek Massacre | U.S. military massacres over 200 Arapahoe Indians. Leads to worsening relations between Indians and the U.S. Government |
| Reconstruction | Post-Civil War rebuild of the South where Union soldiers kept order from 1865-1877. |
| Compromise of 1877 | President Rutherford B. Hayes agrees to take soldiers out of the South and end Reconstruction in exchange for the presidency. |
| Jim Crow Laws | Southern laws that enforced segregation of Black Americans |
| Exodusters | Group of Black Americans led by "Pap" Singleton who believed they would never be free in the South. Built a community in Kansas |
| Boss Tweed/Tammany Hall | Political boss who controlled parts of NYC through bribes and extortion. Enemies with Thomas Nast |
| Thomas Nast | Cartoonist who exposed Boss Tweed with political cartoons |
| Credit Mobilier | Fake company set up by government officials that stole money from the government in the 1870s |
| Spoils System | Practice of giving political positions to one's supporters. Very common with presidents during the Gilded Age |
| Assassination of James A. Garfield | Killed by a man who expected a political position for his support (spoils system) |
| Pendleton Act | Government must pick positions based on merit - no more spoils system |
| Populism | Party of Western farmers who wanted William Jennings Bryan as a presidential candidate |
| Granger Movement | Movement of farmers who wanted more political power - hated railroads and wanted the coinage of silver |
| Interstate Commerce Act | Allows the U.S. government to set railroad rates for shipping goods |
| Alexander Graham Bell | Scottish immigrant and inventor of the telephone |
| Henry Bessemer | Inventor of the bessemer process that created very cheap steel. Led to increased industrialization (more factories, railroads) |
| Andrew Carnegie | Scottish immigrant who created U.S. Steel. Known for his philanthropy (gave aways hundreds of millions of dollars) |
| Thomas Edison | Inventor who created the lightbulb, movie camera, projector, etc. |
| J.P. Morgan | Banker who bought up several large businesses, including U.S. Steel |
| John D. Rockefeller | Oil baron and richest American ever |
| Cornelius Vanderbilt | Railroad robber baron who created a railroad and shipping monopoly |
| Robber Barons | Rich industrialists who acquired their wealth through immoral means (Rockefeller, Vanderbilt, Morgan) |
| Old Immigrants | Immigrants who arrived before 1890 from Western Europe (England, Scotland, Ireland) |
| New Immigrants | Immigrants who arrived after 1890 from Eastern and Southern Europe (Italy, Greece, Poland, Russia). Faced discrimination because they spoke no English and were Catholic and Jewish |
| Angel Island | San Francisco gateway for immigrants from China. Sent back many immigrants |
| Ellis Island | New York City gateway for immigrants from Europe. Let in most immigrants |
| Push & Pull Factors | Reasons why immigrants come to America (opportunity for a new life) or simply leave their home country (religious persecution) |
| Ethnic Clusters/Enclaves | Areas dominated by one ethnicity of immigrants (Little Italy, Chinatown) |
| Jane Adams/Hull House | Started a settlement house for newly arrived immigrants. Expanded to over 500 locations |
| Nativism | American hatred for immigrants (differences in religion; racism; stealing jobs) |
| Chinese Exclusion Act | Prohibited all Chinese immigrants in 1882 for 10 years |
| Gentleman's Agreement | Informal agreement between the U.S. and Japan that prohibited immigration to the U.S. |
| Vertical Integration | All aspects of a company's product or service kept in-house (Ex: U.S. Steel owns its mines, railroads, smelters) |
| Horizontal Integration | Companies begin buying up similar companies to decrease competition |
| Plessy v. Ferguson | Court ruling that established the precedent of "separate but equal" |
Created by:
ahibbett
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