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Genetics Ch 15
PSYC458 Ch 15
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| racism | consists of beliefs, actions, social norms, and laws that assert the superiority of one group over another |
| scientific racism | selectively uses the findings and prestige of science to pursue a racist agenda |
| agricultural and industrial revolutions after _____ resulted in population increases in many countries | 1700 |
| Enclosure Acts | enabled landowners to expel the small non-landowning farmers from their land when fewer workers were needed |
| Thomas Malthus | published "An Essay on the Principle of Population" |
| Herbert Spencer | applied Darwinian evolutionary thinking to human societies in his book "Principles of Biology" and coined term "survival of the fittest" |
| Spencer considered evolution to be a _____ law and ______ | universal;progressive |
| Sir Francis Galton | half cousin of Darwin, coined nature versus nurture and eugenic & dysgenic |
| Hereditary Genius: An Inquiry into Its Laws and Consequences" | to obtain by careful selection a permanent breed of dogs or horses gifted with peculiar powers of running, so it would be quite practicable to produce a highly-gifted race of men by judicious marriages during several consecutive generations |
| Eugenics were the focus of ______ career | Galton's |
| Galton Chair of eugenics | department of eugenics and a galton professorship in eugenics |
| Karl Pearson | 1st Galton professor often called “Galton’s disciple” was avid proponent of eugenics, made important contributions to statistics |
| R.A. Fisher | 2nd Galton Professor, 1933-1943), founded field of quantitative genetics |
| University of London renamed rooms and buildings named for Galton and Pearson in ____ Galton’s influence was critical in the development of the _______ Eugenics Movement | 2020;American |
| The Jukes: A Study in Crime, Pauperism, Disease and Heredity” | 1877 Richard Dugdale publishes |
| Most who later cited the jukes book used it for evidence to support _____ aims | eugenic |
| “The Kallikak Family: A Study in the Heredity of Feeblemindedness” in 1912 | Henry H. Goddard published |
| Martin Kallikak (pseudonym) had been a soldier in the Revolutionary war and fathered an illegitimate child with a feebleminded bar maid. | Their descendants were considered the “bad” family because of the high rates of feeblemindedness and other signs of degeneracy documented by the field worker. |
| Martin later married and fathered children with a “normal” woman. | Their descendants were considered the “good” family, with no documented cases of feeblemindedness and substantial evidence of their good character |
| Andrew Carnegie | influential in eugenic efforts, funded Carnegie Institution in 1902 for the "improvement of mainkind" |
| Charles Davenport | Studied evolution and Mendelian genetics before becoming a devotee of Galton’s eugenics Published “Heredity in Relation to Eugenics” (1911) Founded the International Federation of Eugenics Organizations in 1925;immigration reform and sterilization laws |
| involuntary sterilization | intended to eliminate "defective germ plasm" from gene pool; at start of 20th century some drs were sterilizing "feeble minded" and others without consent, outside of law |
| Harry Laughlin | key figure in documenting and promoting compulsory sterilization laws; published "Eugenical Sterilization in the US" |
| "Eugenical Sterilization in the US" | comprehensive “how to” for • Making “diagnoses” • Conducting sterilization procedures (with diagrams) • Writing sterilization laws |
| ___ v _____ legalizes involuntary sterilizations | Buck v bell |
| in __ states, there were sterilization laws | 30 |
| approx __,000 americans were involuntarily sterilized | 60 |
| Buck v Bell | “Three generations of imbeciles are enough.” (Supreme Court Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr.); Upheld the Virginia Sterilization law (repealed in 1974) |
| Henry Herbert Goddard | was a eugenicist who sought to use IQ tests to identify mental defectives and to restrict them from immigrating to the U.S. Goddard translated and adapted Alfred Binet’s tests and in 1913 administered them to immigrants at Ellis Island (Chase, 1976). |
| __ tests were used to justify quotas | IQ |
| alpha | emphasized verbal skills |
| beta | was nonverbal |
| Individual Examination | was administered to those who failed the Army beta |
| Immigration Act of 1924 | banned immigration from Asia and set a quota of 165,000 immigrants from countries outside the Western Hemisphere |
| Harry H Laughlin provided expert testimony at the hearings for | Immigration Act of 1924 |
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