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Genetics Ch 13
PSYC438 Ch 13
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| social behaviors | any behaviors that involve others of the same species |
| social interactions | can reciprocally impact brain function and gene expression on different timescales |
| reproductive strategies | short-lived species in unstable environments, produce many offspring, no parental care; long-lived species in stable environments produce offspring and engage in parental care |
| courtship behavior | identify opposite sex conspecific; select between potential mates |
| agonistic behavior | compete with conspecifics for access to limited resources; often use threat displays to avoid injury |
| dominance hierarchies | social system where an individual's rank determines access to resources |
| social interactions are _______ reciprocal | dynamically |
| Turner syndrome | x chromosome monosomy; approx 1 in 2500 live births |
| turner syndrome before birth | large fluid collection on back of neck, heart abnormalities, abnormal kidneys |
| turner syndrome at birth of infancy | wide neck, lowset ears, broad chest, narrow high palate, fingernails and toenails are narrow and upturned, swelling of hands and feet, slowed growth, low hairline on back of head |
| turner syndrome in childhood, teens, and adulthood | slowed growth, no growth spurts at expected times, adult height less than might be expected for a female member of the family, sexual development stalls, inability to conceive a child |
| turner syndrome social function | shy, social anxiety, low self-esteem, social withdrawal, less emotional maturity |
| williams syndrome | deletion of 28 genes on chromosome 7q11.23 (williams syndrome critical region); affects 1 in 7500 to 1 in 10000 people |
| people with williams syndrome are at increased risk for | cardiovascular disease, connective tissue abnormalities, low growth rate and short stature, endocrine dysfunction, and characteristic facial features. may have mild to severe intellectual disability with strong verbal short - term memory language ability |
| people with williams syndrome tend to be | hyper-social |
| those with a duplication of ________ appear to have elevated levels of anxiety | 7q11.23 |
| recombination breakpoint | point during meiosis that crossing over causes physical detachment of one chromosomal segment before it can attach to the same point on its homologous chromosome |
| copy number variants | type of genetic variation in which a given DNA sequence in repeated |
| misalignment of recombination breakpoints can result in | chromosomes containing unequal numbers of repeats where chromosomal material within and around the repeats is effectively deleted in one chromatid and inserted into the other |
| affiliation | has to do with engaging in positive social interactions with others |
| attachment | occurs when affiliation with a specific individual produces a social bond |
| oxytocin | neuropeptide that has been implicated in social behavior, and differences in genes that code for oxytocin (OXT) and the oxytocin receptor (OXTR) have been widely studied |
| lines of mice with either ____ or ____ knocked out show deficits in social recognition memory | OXT; OXTR |
| Hundreds of studies have been conducted to test variants in OXT, OXTR, and CD38 for associations with individual differences in | social behaviors including parental attachment, romantic/couple relationships, friendship, empathy, theory of mind, management of stress via social relationships, depression, schizophrenia, and autism spectrum disorders |
| Human research particularly underscored the involvement of two OXTRsingle nucleotide polymorphisms | (rs53576, rs2254298) |
| Autism spectrum disorder is characterised by persistent deficits in the ability to initiate and | to sustain reciprocal social interaction and social communication, and by a range of restricted, repetitive, and inflexible patterns of behaviour, interests or activities that are clearly atypical or excessive for the individual’s age and sociocultural |
| heritability of autism spectrum disorder is estimated to be | 0.56-0.90 |
| reproductive success requires | identification, attraction, consummation, and post-copulatory behaviors |
| Drosophila melanogaster have complex courtship behaviors that are impacted by | mutations |
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