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SS test 11/22
Vocabulary test 11/22
| Term | Defintion |
|---|---|
| Proclamation of 1773 | Issued October 7, 1763 after the French and Indian War ended. Created to stop future conflict with Native Americans. Stated that Americans were not permitted to go west of the Appalachian Mountains (which was part of the reason the war was fought!) |
| The Quartering Act | Forced people in the US colonies to house and feed British soldiers during times of peace if there was no room in barracks. The symbolic power of this act was great, as there would be a British standing army in the colonies during peactime. |
| Stamp Act | Parliament's first direct tax on colonies. Enacted to raise money for Britain. Taxed newpapers, almanacs, pamphlets, broadsides, legal documents, dice, and playing cards. Stamps were affixed to documents or packages to show the tax had been paid. |
| Townshend Acts | Passed to help pay the expense of governing the American colonies. Taxed glass, lead, paint, and paper. |
| Boston tea party | Protest of the Tea Act by the dumping of British tea into Boston Harbor by colonists disguised as Native Americans. |
| Bunker Hill | First major battle, Showed that the Americans had the POTENTIAL TO WIN, but the British were not that easy to defeat. Americans were forced to withdraw after running out of ammunition.The British suffered many more deaths. |
| Declaration of independence | This document declared the colonies' freedom from England. Formally approved by the Congress on July 4, 1776. Helped to start the American Revolution by allowing England to hear of the disagreements with British authority. Written by Thomas Jefferson. |
| John Locke | English philosopher and political theorist. Explained that all men have Natural Rights, which are Life, Liberty, and Property. The purpose of the government is to protect these rights. |
| Impeach | To bring an official to trial for misconduct in office. Must be found guilty to have to step down. |
| Bicameral | Congress split into two bodies. Having two chambers (houses). |
| Checks and Balances | A system to make sure that no branch gets too powerful. System of checks and balances. Makes sure there is no monarchy. Limits power. |
| Federalists | Believed in a strong Central Federal Government. Liked the new constitution. |
| Alien and Sedation acts | Law that curbed immigration and limited criticism of the government. President Adams' term. |
| Boston Massacre | British soldiers shot into a crowd killing five. Two of nine soldiers (defended by John Adams) found guilty of manslaughter. Great anti British propaganda. |
| Regulators (NC) | A large group of North Carolina colonists who opposed the taxation and fee system imposed by colonial officials in the late 1760s. This political argument led to a battle between the colonial militia and the Regulators in 1771. |
| The battle of alamance (NC) | The final battle of the War of Regulation, a rebellion in colonial North Carolina over issues of taxation and local control. |
| Tea act | Actually reduced tax on imported British tea. Gave British merchants unfair advantage in selling their tea in America (monopoly). Was the catalyst of the Boston Tea Party. |
| Boycott | To refuse to buy, use, or participate in (something) as a way of protesting. To stop using the goods or services of (a company, country, etc.) until changes are made. The colonists boycotted British made goods in protest of the taxes. |
| Intolerable Acts | Passed by Parliament in 1774, following the Boston Tea Party. Considered unfair because they were designed to punish Boston in particular. Affected all colonies by the Boston Port Act which closed Boston Harbor until damages were paid. |
| Lexington and Concord | 2 battles, fought on April 19, 1775. Started the Revolutionary War. Forced the British to retreat back to Boston. shockwaves throughout the colonies and the world. made reconciliation between Britain and the colonies all the more unlikely. |
| Minutemen | Nickname given to local militiamen who fought against the British during the Revolutionary War. Called minutemen because of their supposed ability to be ready for battle at a minute's notice. |
| 3/5th's compromise | Decision at the Constitutional convention to count each slave as ⅗ of a person for the purpose of deciding the population. This determined how many seats each state would have in Congress. |
| 2nd Continental Congress | Last attempt to restore peace with the British. In the meantime, they prepared for national defense. To figure out what to do after Lexington and Concord. |
| Revolutionary War | The war between Great Britain and its American colonies, 1775-83, by which the colonies won their independence. General George Washington led the Continental Army. |
| Loyalists | Those who support Britain during the Revolutionary War (Were loyal to Britain). |
| Patriots | Those who supported the war against Britain. The people in rebellion against British rule. |
| Mecklenburg Declaration of independence | On May 20, 1775, a group of colonial militia leaders met in Mecklenburg County, North Carolina. Declared independence from Great Britain a full 13 months before the Continental Congress. |
| Common Sense | Called for the colonists to realize their mistreatment by the British and push for independence from England. The pamphlet with its high-class journalism and propaganda sold a total of 120,000 copies within a few months. Author: Thomas Paine. |
| Thomas Paine | English-born American political activist, philosopher, political theorist, and revolutionary. Author of Common Sense. Paine emphasized a need for revolution; appealed to American emotions. |
| Halifax Resolves | Name later given to the resolution adopted by North Carolina on April 12, 1776. Was the first official action in the American Colonies calling for independence from Great Britain during the American Revolution. |
| Mercenaries | A mercenary is someone hired for service in the army of a foreign country. In the late 1760's George lll (King) hired Hessian solders to fight in the British army against Americans. |
| Saratoga | Turning point of the war. CONVINCED FRANCE TO HELP the American cause. After a lot of American losses. British surrendered. Fort Ticonderoga July 1777. Boosted moral. |
| Valley Forge | Washington's troops spend there winder 1777-1778. Many troops died because of disease and malnutrition. Baron Von Steuben came and trained troops. (Story of Us video). |
| Articles of confederation | First Constitution. Written agreement 1781. Provided legal symbol of their union by giving the central government less power than the states' governments. No power to tax! March 1, 1781 until 1789. |
| Battle of Yorktown | The British forces under Lord Charles Cornwallis at Yorktown, Virginia. Scattered battles persisted until 1783, but the British, weary of the stalemate, decided to surrender and negotiate peace. With help of France. Final battle. |
| John Adams | Boston lawyer who first became famous for defending Boston Massacre soldiers. Delegate in continental congresses. 2nd president in the U.S. Vice president to Washington. |
| Sam Adams | Political activist. Second cousin to John Adams. Organized the first Committee of Correspondence of Boston. |
| Shay's rebellion | An attempt by Massachusetts farmers in 1786 to stop local courts from imprisoning debtors. |
| The Enlightenment, age of reason. | Influenced our revolution, the Declaration of Independence, and our constitution. |
| Preamble | Intro the the Constitution. States purpose of document. |
| Constitution | Framework for government. Created as a flexible documen that can change through time and interpretation. |
| Executive Branch | A branch of government that enforces the law. Federal: President. State: Governor. Assist in enforcing the constitution. |
| President | President enforces the laws. Must be 35 years old and have to be a natural-born citizen of the US. Cannot serve for more than two four-year terms. |
| Cabinet | Group of presidential adviors made up of the heads of the executive departments. |
| Vice-President | Succeed presidency upon death. Second in line. President of the senate and can vote on legislation to break a tie. |
| Legislative Branch | The branch of government that makes the laws (Congress). Divided into two houses/chambers. |
| The Great Comprimise | Compromise made by Constitutional Covention. It is the US Congress. The senate and house of representatives. Upper house and lower house. |
| Senate | The upper house of the United States Congress. 100 total senators. Two per state. |
| House of Representatives | Lower house of congress based on state population. 435 total, members elected every two years. |
| Judicial Branch | Branch of government that interprets laws and punishes lawbreakers. Supreme court! |
| Bill of Rights | Serves as the first ten amendments to the Constitution. Grants basic rights. |
| Alexander Hamilton | Author of Federalist Papers. First Secretary of Treasury (National Bank). For the new Constitution |
| Anti-federalists | Opposed the ratification of the new Constitution. Feared a strong central government. |
| Thomas Jefferson | Anti federalist. 3rd president. Ambassador to France. |
| Congress | Senate and House of Representatives. |
| President George Washington | Federalist. First president. Set precedents (examples) for future presidents. |
| Whiskey Rebellion | refusal by western farmers in Pennsylvania to pay the federal tax on whiskey. Was a test of whether the Federal Government could enforce the law. Washington used army to force them to pay. |
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