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APUSH 1941-1960
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Normandy | during WW2, the allied forces invaded Western Europe on June 6, 1944; US, British, and Canadian forces attacked on the beaches and by the end of August 1944 all of northern France was liberated and the forces continued on to invade Germany and end the war |
| Victory Gardens | vegetable, fruit, and herb gardens planted at private residences and public parks during WW1 and WW2 in order to alleviate the strain on sending supplies to soldiers |
| Korematsu vs. US | 1944 Supreme Court case where the Supreme Court upheld the order providing for the relocation of Japanese Americans; it was not until 1988 that Congress apologized and paid $20,000 to each survivor |
| Ration Cards | mandated by government, government controls how much food each person can consume |
| Double V Campaign | African Americans demanded a “Double V” campaign to gain victory over racial discrimination at home as well as over the Axis abroad; emphasizing the need for double victory over Germany and Japan and racial prejudice |
| Yalta | Meeting of FDR, Churchill, & Stalin in 1945 at an old Tsarist resort on the Black Sea where the big three leaders laid the foundations for the postwar division of power in Europe, including a divided Germany and territorial concessions to the Soviet Union |
| Manhattan Project | a research and development project that produced the first atomic bombs during WW2; it was led by the US with the support of the UK and Canada |
| Hiroshima | US warned Japan that it had weapons of mass destruction; the Japanese were warned to surrent or suffer the consequences; the first atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima in 1945 and 100,000 people died within second and thousands within the next five days |
| GI Bill | known as the Servicemen’s Readjustment Act; this law helped returning WW2 soldiers reintegrate into civilian life by securing loans to buy houses and farms and set up small business and by making tuition stipends available for them to attend college |
| Marshall Plan | transfer of aid money to help rebuild postwar Western Europe in 1948, intended to bolster capitalist and democratic governments and prevent domestic communist groups from riding poverty and misery of power |
| NATO | military alliance of Western European powers and the US and Canada established in 1949 to defend against the common threat from the Soviet Union marking a giant stride forward for Europe unity and American internationalism |
| HUAC | The House Committee on Un-American Activities; investigation committee & investigated was it considered un-American propaganda; this congressional committee investigated communist influence inside and outside the US government after WW2; aka McCarthyism |
| Joe McCarthy | a republican senator who went “red-hunting” for communists in what came to be known as McCarthyism in the 1950s; he was able to use his governmental position in order to accuse other government officials and citizens of communism |
| Iron Curtain | symbolized the ideological conflict and physical boundary dividing Europe into two separate areas from the end of WW2 in 1945 until the end of the Cold War in 1991 |
| Julius and Ethel Rosenburg | spies and they were sending atomic data to Moscow and were convicted in 1951 of espionage and executed in 1953 making them the only people ever executed for espionage during peacetime |
| Dixiecrats | conservative southern Democrats who objected to President Truman’s strong push for civil rights legislation; ran a presidential ticket as the States’ Rights Democrats |
| Interstate Highway Act | authorized the building of highways throughout the nation, which would be the biggest public works project in the nations history |
| NASA | government agency created in 1958 in response to sputnik and specifically charged with fostering American space effort; eventually led to the first manned moon landing and the space shuttle |
| Rosa Parks | US civil rights leader who refused to give up her seat on a bus to a white man in Montgomery and so triggered the national civil rights movement |
| Emmitt Till | an African-Amerian teenager who was murdered in Mississippi at the age of 14 after reportedly flirting with a white woman |
| Brown vs Board | the 1954 Supreme Court decision holding that school segregation in Topeka, Kansas was inherently unconstitutional because it violated the 14th amendment’s guarantee of equal protection; this case marked the end of legal segregation in the US |
| Martin Luther King Jr. | US Baptist minister and civil rights leader; he opposed discrimination against blacks by organizing nonviolent resistence and peaceful mass demonstrations |
| Little Rock 9 | September 1957 school board in Little Rock, Arkansas won a court order to admit nine African American students to Central High with 2,000 white students; the governor ordered troops from Arkansas National Guard to prevent the nine from entering the school |
| Fidel Castro | Cuban communist revolutionary and politician who overthrew Batista and was Prime Minister of Cuba from 1956 to 1976 and President from 1976 to 2008 |
| Military Industrial Complex | a term first used by President Eisenhower in his farewell address in 1961; it refers to the inter linkage of the military and the defense industries that emerged with the arms buildup of the Cold War |
Created by:
rcooke
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