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Sociology Exam 3
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Racial Groups | Groupings based on social significant physical characteristics and beliefs about common ancestory |
| Ethnic Groups | Groupings based on common geographic origin and distinctive cultural characteristics (i.e., language, religion, dress, and other customs) |
| Social Factors | have a major role in shaping the meaning of race |
| White Americans | refers to people with origins in Europe, Middle East, or North Africa. Traditionally the racial/ethnic majority group in the U.S. (numerically and socially) |
| African Americans | Traditionally the largest racial/ethnic minority group in the U.S. Contemporary inequality rooted in the historical legacy of slavery, Jim Crowe, and other forms of discrimination |
| Native Americans | Represent a diverse array of tribal cultures. Increasing numbers are claiming their identity, though shrinking as a share of national population. Historical legacy of forced migration and the reservation system. |
| Asian Americans | One of the fastest growing race/ethnic groups in the U.S. Growth being fueled by immigration . Encompass wide array of nationalities. |
| Hispanic/Latino Americans | Became the largest racial/ethnic minority group in the U.S. in 2000, account for about half of all population growth since then. Half of this group resides in just two states, but this is changing rapidly |
| Immigrants | Greater numbers are coming to the U.S. today than in any previous period in history. Primarily from Latin America and Asia. |
| Racism | The attribution of superiority or inferiority based in race. |
| Discrimination | The denial of opportunites and equal rights to individuals and groups |
| Sex | Biological and anatomical differences, especially based on reproductive organs and structures, distinguishing males from females |
| Gender | Socially formed traits of masculinity and feminity; presentation of self and social expectations |
| Gender binary | Classification of gender into two discrete and non-overlapping forms of masculine and feminine |
| Nonbinary | A gender identity that does not fit squarely into the male-female binary classification |
| Transgender | Identification/expression of gender identity that differs from their sex at birth |
| Ascribed status | a social status that is given at birth |
| Achieved status | a social status that is earned |
| Master status | a status that has importance for social identity |
| Second Shift | Balancing demands of work outside the home with work inside the home |
| Functionalist perspective | Gender- role differentiation contributes to social stability |
| Conflict perspective | Gender relations are characterized by unequal power |
| Symbolic Interactionist Perspective | Gender relations best understood by observing micro-level interactions |
| Social institutions | Basic modes of social activity followed by vast majority of members of society |
| Economy | Mechanism by which goods and services are distributed in society |
| Capitalism | Increasingly dominant form of economic organization worldwide |
| Socialism | Relies on social ownership of the means of production and distribution |
| Globalization | Increasing interdependance of national economies |
| Contingent Workforce | Rise in outsourcing, subcontracting, and temporary work contracts |
| Deindustrialization | Shift from goods-producing to service-based economy |
| Nuclear Family | parents and unmarried children, typically living together |
| Extended Family | broader network of relatives connected through blood and marriage |
| Family | two or more people living together, related by blood, marriage, or adoption |
| Household | one or more people who occupy a house, apartment, or other residential unit |
| Cohabitation | living with unmarried partners |
Created by:
madalynjones1
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