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Period 4 APUSH
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Thomas Jefferson | acquired Louisiana Territory during his presidency and was concerned about the constitutionality |
| Louisiana Purchase | a land deal between the United States and France, in which the U.S. acquired approximately 827,000 square miles of land west of the Mississippi River for $15 Million |
| Henry Clay | called ‘the Great Compromiser’ because he played a major role in formulating the three landmark sectional compromises of his day: the Missouri Compromise of 1820, the Tariff Compromise of 1833, and the Compromise of 1850. |
| Strict interpretation | interpreting the Constitution based on a literal and narrow definition of the language without reference to the differences in conditions when the Constitution was written and modern conditions, inventions and societal changes. |
| John Marshall | became the fourth chief justice of the U.S. Supreme Court in 1801. He is largely responsible for establishing the Supreme Court's role in federal government |
| Judicial review | allows the Supreme Court to take an active role in ensuring that the other branches of government abide by the constitution. Judicial review was established in the classic case of Marbury v. Madison |
| Marbury v Madison | a landmark United States Supreme Court case in which the Court formed the basis for the exercise of judicial review in the United States under Article III of the Constitution. |
| War of 1812 | Resentment for Britain’s interference with American international trade, combined with American expansionist visions, led Congress to declare war. It fostered a strong sense of national pride among the American people; led to nat. anthem |
| Andrew Jackson | First democratic President known as “Old Hickory” |
| Battle of New Orleans | future President Andrew Jackson and an assortment of militia fighters, slaves, Indians and even pirates; The victory vaulted Jackson to national stardom, and helped foil plans for a British invasion of the American frontier. |
| Lewis and Clark expedition | U.S. military expedition to explore the Louisiana Purchase and the Pacific Northwest |
| Era of Good Feelings | period in the political history of the United States that reflected a sense of national purpose and a desire for unity among Americans in the aftermath of the Napoleonic Wars. |
| Sectionalism | loyalty to the interests of one's own region or section of the country, rather than to the country as a whole |
| Tariff of 1816 | the first tariff passed by Congress with an explicit function of protecting U.S. manufactured items from foreign competition |
| Second Bank of the United States | was founded after the War of 1812 when it was realized that without a national bank it would be impossible to fund another war such as the one just fought |
| Erie Canal | canal in New York. Originally it ran about 363 miles from Albany, on the Hudson River to Buffalo, at Lake Erie |
| Implied powers | powers not explicitly named in the Constitution but assumed to exist due to their being necessary to implement the expressed powers that are named in Article I |
| Monroe Doctrine (1823) | stated that further efforts by European nations to colonize land or interfere with states in North or South America would be viewed as acts of aggression, requiring U.S. intervention. |
| Indian Removal Act (1830) | during the presidency of Andrew Jackson. The law authorized the president to negotiate with southern Indian tribes for their removal to federal territory west of the Mississippi River in exchange for their ancestral homelands. |
| Cherokee Nation v Georgia | The Cherokee Nation sought a federal injunction against laws passed by the state of Georgia depriving them of rights within its boundaries; It ruled that Congress had no jurisdiction as the Cherokee was a dependent nation |
| Panic of 1837 | causes included the economic policies of President Jackson. He created the Specie Circular by executive order and refused to renew the charter of Second Bank of the United States, so government funds were withdrawn from the bank. |
| Universal white male suffrage | voting rights in which all adult males within a political system are allowed to vote, regardless of income, property, religion, race, or any other qualification. |
| Spoils system | a practice in which a political party, after winning an election, gives government jobs to its supporters, friends and relatives as a reward for working toward victory, and as an incentive to keep working for the party |
| “corrupt bargain” | 1824 election ended without anyone getting electoral majority so House of Reps awarded the election to John Quincy Adams. Andrew Jackson claimed the presence of a corrupt bargain and that Henry Clay supported Adams in the House vote in return for being VP |
| Tariff of 1828; “tariff of abominations” | a protective tariff passed by the Congress of the United States on May 19, 1828, designed to protect industry in the northern United States. |
| Nullification crisis | was a sectional crisis in 1832–33, during the presidency of Andrew Jackson, which involved a confrontation between South Carolina and the federal government. |
| Whigs | modernizers who saw President Andrew Jackson as "a dangerous man on horseback" with a "reactionary opposition" to the forces of social, economic, and moral modernization |
| Antebellum period | Period before the Civil War |
| Elizabeth Cady Stanton | American suffragist, social activist, abolitionist, and leading figure of the early women's rights movement. |
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