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Government Test 5
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the nominating methods? | 1.) Self Announcement 2.) Caucus 3.) Convention 4.) Petition 5.) Direct Primary |
| What is a self announcement? | -Usually used at local levels of government. -Sometimes used by candidates who fail to win their party's nomination. -Write in candidates use this method. |
| Who has used self announcment? | -George Wallace 1968 -Eugene McCarthy 1976 -John Anderson 1980 -Ross Perot 1992 |
| What is a caucus? | A group of like-minded persons who meet to select the candidates they will support in upcoming elections, -Began toward the end of the colonial period. -Used mostly for local elections. -Were nominated by party leaders (not open to the public). |
| When did many states stop using caucuses? | 1820s and 1840s. |
| What is a convention? | -Was used at all levels of government elections. -Began in the mid to late 1800s. |
| What is the convention process? | -Local conventions nominated local offices and select delegates for state conventions, state conventions nominated candidates for state offices and nominated delegates for national convention, national conventions nominated candidates for national office. |
| Why did most states stop using conventions? | They were corrupted by party bosses. |
| What is a petition? | -Used mostly at the local level. -Used for Nonpartisan posts (school board members). -Used by independents and third-party candidates. -Number of signatures depends on states and office running for. |
| What is a direct primary? | -Election held to pick the party's candidates for general election. -Held in the spring. -Most common way. -Used for state, local, and national offices. |
| What is the oldest form of nominating method? When was it used? | Self Announcement. -Colonial times. |
| What are the two types of primary elections? | 1.) Closed. 2.) Open. |
| What is a closed primary? | Only for those political party members to vote. -Declare which party either when you register or at the polling place. |
| What is an open primary? | Open to all qualified voters. |
| What type of primary does Ohio have? | Closed primary. |
| What is the Federal Election Commission (FEC)? | Government agency that regulates campaign spending. |
| In the 2000 presidential election, George Bush and Al Gore spent over... | $143 million on advertising (TV ads, mail, stickers, signs, etc.) |
| Where does the money for political campaigns come from? | 1.) Political parties. 2.)Political Action Committees (PAC's). 3.) Private Individuals. 4.) Candidate Themselves. 5.) Federal Funds. |
| When it comes to political campaigns, what do political parties provide? | Concentrate their money on helping those in closest races. -Strong challenges facing incumbents. -Not given equal money. |
| When it comes to political campaigns, what do Political Action Committees (PAC's) provide? | Special Interest Groups. -Gives money to candidate most likely to win. -1996 PAC's spend $250 million on elections. |
| When it comes to political campaigns, what do private individuals provide? | Giving money hoping to influence the candidates' decisions if they're elected. -Support a candidate who represents their views. |
| What is a good example of a candidate paying for their own campaign? | Ross Perot in 1992 ($65 million). |
| When it comes to political campaigns, what do federal funds provide? | Voters can chose to check a box on income tax return to give $3 to this fund. |
| What is an incumbent? | A candidate running for re-election. |
| When are elections held? | -1st Tuesday after the 1st Monday in November. |
| Why are elections held on a Tuesday? | -Sunday was for Church. -Monday was a travel day to get to the polling place. |
| Why are elections held in November? | After harvest of the crops and before the bad weather. |
| Why are elections not held on the first of the month? | People were paid on the first of the month and they didn't want money to play that big of a role. |
| What is the Coattail Effect? | The idea that a popular presidential candidate helps to draw voters to other candidates from the same party. -Voters associate a weak candidate with a strong candidate so they vote for them also. |
| Why may the Coattail Effect be negative? | Can be negative if there is a weak candidate at the top of the ballot. |
| Give an example of the Coattail Effect (positive and negative). | Positive: Ronald Reagan 1984. Negative: Jimmy Carter 1980. |
| What kind of a ballot does Ohio have? | An office group ballot. |
| What are two negatives about the primaries? | 1.) Cause arguments among party members. 2.) Cost a lot of money. |
| What are the arguments in favor of a closed primary? | 1.) It prevents one party from raiding then nominating weak candidates of the other party. 2.) Make candidates more responsive to their party. 3.) Makes voters more thoughtful because they choose between parties. |
| What are the arguments in favor of an open primary? | 1.) A closed primary compromises the secrecy of the ballot. 2.) A closed primary excludes independents. |
| What is a platform? | The party’s stand on important issues and the party’s general principles. |
| What does the campaign manager do? | He or she is responsible for developing and executing the campaign plan, supervising the other key staffers and resolving any differences that develop among the staff, and presenting any ideas or changes to the candidate for approval. |
| What is a campaign manger? | The campaign manager coordinates and oversees the entire campaign. |
| What is a finance chair? | The person in charge of raising money to pay for the campaign. |
| What does a finance chair do? | He or she is responsible for putting together and carrying out the campaign’s fund-raising plan. This plan will likely include getting supporters to hold fund-raising events as well as asking political action committees (PACs) to contribute. |
| What is a pollster? | Who plans and monitors the campaigns strategy. This person obtains information on voters and their opinions by creating and conducting scientific polls for the campaign. |
| What is a media coordinator? | Responsible for getting the candidate’s message to the greatest number of potential supporters in the most effective ways possible. |
| What does a media coordinator do? | The media coordinator also handles paid advertising for the candidate as well as free advertising through media coverage of speeches, rallies, and any nonpolitical events that the candidate might attend. |
| What is a scheduler? | The job of the scheduler is to manage the candidate’s time in ways that meet the strategy and goals of the campaign. |
| What does a scheduler do? | They are arranging for the candidate to get from place to place, handling invitations from groups that request the candidate to appear, and maintaining contact with persons who plan campaign events that require an appearance by the candidate. |
| What do polls help do? | This information helps to shape the entire course of the campaign—from the issues emphasized and how campaign funds are raised and spent, to places the candidate visits during the campaign and what he or she says on the campaign trail. . |
| What is a focus group? | A small gathering of people whose response to something is studied and used to predict the response of a larger population. |
| What do critics say about the value of today's campaign? | Candidates who are “packaged” to fit what voters want and whose views may be more determined by poll results than by the candidate’s own beliefs. |
| What is a swing state? | Those states where support for each candidate in an upcoming election is about equal, |
| What is a stump speech? | A standard speech that they give during the campaign. |
| What are other speech's made to do? | Some of these speeches are meant to provoke listeners to action. Others address one particular issue and are given to groups who have a special interest in that issue. |
| What is a slogan? | A short phrase designed to summarize the campaign’s overall message and to give people a simple reason to vote for the candidate. |
| While designing their campaign strategy, candidates and their staffs may choose to run a campaign that does not focus so much on the candidate’s platform as it does... | On the weaknesses of his or her opponent. |
| What is negative campaigning? | Attacking the opponent during a campaign. |
| Because television is the main source of information for voters of all ages, most campaigns... | Put as many ads on TV as they can afford. |
| What is a sound bite? | A very brief segment of a speech or statement. |
| What are some ways candidates reach out to viewers? | 1.) TV. 2.) Radio. 3.) Print Media. 4.) Internet. |
| What is a demographic? | A population group defined by a specific characteristic or set of characteristics. |
| Who's the largest source of contributions to election campaigns? | Individual Donations. |
| Campaign finance laws limit how much ______ _______ may contribute. | Political Parties. |
| For election primaries, presidential candidates may receive... | Money to match what they have raised for their campaigns privately. |
| Critics of election campaigns have long charged that a campaign’s dependence on money exposes democracy to... | Corruption. |
| The first serious attempt to decrease the connection between “big money” and election politics took place in 1907, when Congress... | Banned corporations and national banks from making campaign contributions. |
| In the 1940s, the 1907 ban was extended to include contributions from... | Labor unions. |
| The FECA requires... What year did this go into effect? | All candidates, PACs, and political parties to report contributions they receive that exceed a specified amount. -1971. |
| What is the Federal Election Commission (FEC)? | Federal Election Commission(FEC) the government commission formed to enforce the Federal Election Campaign Act |
| In 1974, Congress strengthened the FECA by... | Setting limits on campaign contributions by individuals, political parties, and PACs, creating the system of public funding for presidential elections, and creating the FEC to enforce the FECA and administer the public-funding program. |
| What are party-building activities? | Party-building activities political party activities, such as voter registration drives and television ads supporting the party’s principles, that do not support specific candidates but instead promote the party |
| What are the limits on soft money? | There is no limit to the amount of soft money a donor may contribute. There is no limit to the amount of soft money a donor may contribute |
| What is soft money? | Soft money is not given directly to specific candidates and is not regulated by the FEC. |
| What are issue ads? | Advertisements that support or oppose candidates’ views without specifically calling for their election or defeat. |
| The BCRA banned... | Soft-money contributions to political parties for advertising. It also limited the ability of interest groups to air issue ads of their own. |
| Opponents argued that the BCRA’s limits on raising and spending political funds... What was the result? | Violated the First Amendment right to free speech. -Supreme Court rulings based on First Amendment rights began chipping away at sections of the BCRA. |
| The first PACs were formed by labor unions in the 1940s to get around the Taft-Hartley Act, which... | Banned unions from making campaign contributions. Today, many interest groups of every type have formed PACs. |
| Define a direct primary. | A primary, or first, election in which the party’s candidate for office is chosen directly by voters. |
| Define a closed primary. | A primary election in which only voters registered as party members can vote in selecting that party’s candidates. |
| Define an open primary. | A primary election in which any registered voter may vote in either party’s primary election. |
| Define a runoff primary. | A second primary election held in some states to decide which of the two highest candidates for an office in the first primary will be awarded the party nomination. |
| Define a nonpartisan primary. | A primary election in which all candidates for the same elected office run against each other at once, regardless of the political party. |
| What is a nomination? | The candidates running for an elected office. |
| What is a general election? | A regular election of candidates for office, as opposed to a primary election. |
| What is a blanket primary? | A system used for selecting political party candidates in a primary election. In a blanket primary, voters may pick one candidate for each office without regard to party lines. |
| What is a precinct? | The smallest unit of area for administering elections and local voting. |
| What is a polling place? | A building where voting takes place during an election, typically one that normally has another function, such as a school. |
| What is a caucus? | A meeting of party members who select the candidates to run for election. |
| What is a ballot? | A process of voting, in writing and typically in secret. |
| What is an office group ballot? | A ballot on which the candidates are listed alphabetically, with or without their party designations, in columns under the office for which they were nominated. |
| What is a party-column ballot? | A ballot upon which the names of candidates are placed in separate columns according to their party affiliations with the party name and sometimes emblem at the top of each column. |
| What is a Political Action Committee (PAC)? | An organization created to raise and contribute money legally to the campaigns of political candidates. |
| What is the Federal Election Commission (FEC)? | The government commission formed to enforce the Federal Election Campaign Act. |
| What is a 527 group? | A tax-exempt organization created to influence voters’ opinions about candidates or issues. |
| 527s that operate independently and do not donate to a candidate or party are not... | bound by the finance law restrictions and can raise and spend unlimited money. |
| Candidates for president and vice president are officially nominated by... | National conventions. |
| The first step in the electoral process is... | Selecting delegates for a convention. |
| How are most candidates for U.S. office nominated? | Through primary elections. |
| True or false: Write-in votes are a way that a candidate can be nominated for office. | False. |
| Candidates who do not have the support of a major political party can be nominated by... | Petition. |
| What is a Nonpartisan Primary? | A type of primary in which all candidates are listed on the same ballot, despite their party affiliation. |
| Campaign financing is regulated by... | Regulations requiring that candidates disclose contributions and spending. |
| U.S. political campaigns cannot receive direct contributions from... | Corporations. |
| True or false: In the early to mid-1800s, candidates didn't go on campaign tours during a presidential campaign. | True. |
| Why is the effective use of television important to winning elections? | Candidates can reach more voters by using TVs. |
| How is public funding of campaigns financed? | By voluntary donations from taxes. |
| What is the chief purpose of a Political Action Committee (PAC)? | To raise and donate money to candidates and political parties. |
| What contributed to the rise of 527 groups? | Limitations placed on the use of soft-money and issue ads. |
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OliviaRoark
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